ABSTRACT

Human expedition for equity, freedom, and justice within a micro and/or macro geographic space has gain global attention in this anthropocene. However, sustaining given quest sometimes attract conflicts, contingencies and uncertainties because of disparities in the level of individual or group awareness and application of knowledge in a given context. This study adopts a discourse analysis in elucidating possible dimensions and contextual applications of structuration theory in Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education as a unique academic environment (geosphere). Qualitative data were generated from the works of some Titans in structuration theory and contextualize in the study area with a view to offering expansive, yet, place-specific case applications. The results reveal that structuration theory has enable geographers to clearly understand and define the level of social interactions in context of enabling or constraining within the University space. It also provides a basis for geographers‟ rejection of the traditional divides between nature and humans that are common in social and Earth science researches. It offer an expansive perspective for promoting concept formations and understandings especially such as location, structure, space, and the importance of presence, absence, and exceptionality to interpret social relations in a university environment. In spite of the values, the theory is flaw on many grounds such as methodological inadequacies and over-reliance on abstract languages are usually eclipsed or unfitted to physical geographers whose interests is on practical needs of empirical researches in this anthropocene. There is urgent need for more issue-based studies on structuration theory to boost stakeholders and understanding of the University environment.

Keywords: Structuration theory, social system, structure, agency, geographic space.

ABSTRACT

The spate of audit failures in the world has questioned the value relevance of firms’ financial reports. This has made investors to have less confidence in the financial reports of firms. In addition, most of the auditing researches carried out globally had focused on the external auditors’ attributes than the characteristics of the audit itself. As a result, this study examined the external audit characteristics on value relevance of listed firms in Nigeria. The study adopted an Ex post facto research design using a systematic sample design. The panel regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that, foreign audit characteristics had a little influence on market relevance of Nigerian listed enterprises. Among independent review attributes, audit impartiality had a negatively minimal influence on the value relevance of listed firms, whereas both external audit efficiency and timeliness had a positive insignificant impact on the earnings quality of listed firms' financial reports in Nigeria. It was suggested that firms modify the audit fee they pay to a more realistic average industry audit fee. External auditors must also work with the firm's audit committee and managers to ensure more timely audits that improve stakeholders' investment decision making in audits more valuable.

Keywords: External audit characteristics, value relevance and audit timeliness.

ABSTRACT This study is focused on the empirical investigation of discriminant analysis in the context of land allocation for oil palm plantations in five distinct soil types:. When determining whether a soil type is suitable for oil palm cultivation and if mineral fertilisers are necessary, the chemical properties of the soil are considered more important than the physical properties of the soil. Understanding these soils and their response to cultural management practices is a necessity for any soil user or grower. The analysis employed canonical correlation along with Wilks' Lambda, yielding values of 0.754 and 0.178, respectively, and corresponding chi-square statistics of 82.503, indicating significance at p < 0.05. A total of 13 indicator factors were examined, seven out of these were significant, and magnesium (Mg) proved to be the most effective in differentiating between the soil categories. A comparison of the actual classifications of the five soil types with the predictions produced by the discriminant function showed groups 1 and 5 had the highest accuracy. They successfully classified 75% of the observations, while group 3 classified 64.2% of the observations accurately, displaying a moderate level of predictive performance. On the other hand, groups 2 and 4 recorded the lowest accuracy of predictions at 58.3% and 56.8% respectively. The overall discriminant accuracy (hit ratio) was recorded at 67.7% for classifying samples correctly. This study’s findings portray discriminant analysis as a valid tool for forecasting novel cases in the five most prevalent soil types in Southern Nigeria's Raphia production zone. Additionally, key soil variables such as magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), pH, calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and potassium (K) were noted to have a significant important influence in determining the soil type. As a result, this model demonstrates strong predictive capabilities, making it a valuable tool for classifying new cases in this context. Keywords: Discriminant analysis, soil diversity, oil palms, raphia growing zone, Southern Nigeria

ABSTRACT The study sought to establish the nexus between politicization of religion and the emergence of Boko Haram terrorist group in North Eastern Nigeria at the inception of the fourth republic. Qualitative methods of content analysis using group theory of politics was adopted. The study argued that though Islam was politicized in the previous republics, the politicization in the present fourth republic has taken a heighten dimension, as some northern political actors made bold attempts to upgrade the Sharia law from its customary status to that of criminal code and jurisdiction in their desperate move to win elections. Furthermore, having recruited Sharia foot soldiers (mostly youths) to secure electoral‟ victory; the politicians reneged on their campaign promises thereby leaving these youths to their fate without succor. This prompted the youths and their supporters to forcefully propagate Islamic extremism and occasional use of violence. A massive military crackdown by the state culminating in extra-judicial killing of the sect members drove them underground where they grew their terrorist fangs through training, weapons armaments, people‟s sympathy and followership to emerge a full-fledged terrorist group unleashing terror on security agents, citizens‟ lives and property and general insecurity in the country. The study recommends, in addition to tactical military engagement, more intelligence gathering to alter source of weapons and logistics supply, depletion of Boko Haram‟s popularity and recruitment prowess as well as massive economic development and employment generation.

keywords: Boko haram, politicization, religion, security threat, terrorism,

ABSTRACT The study examined gender as a predictor of job satisfaction and commitment among secondary school counsellors in Kano State. The research design adopted for this study is descriptive survey design. The population for the study was 1,526 secondary school counsellors. The sample size of 740 (243 females and 497 male) secondary school counsellors was used for the study. The sample was obtained using multi-stage sampling procedure involving stratified proportionate sampling and simple random sampling. The study used a researcher constructed questionnaire. The data collected for the study were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses at the significance level of 0.05. Findings revealed that there are no significant difference between gender and job satisfactions and between gender and job commitments among secondary school counsellors in Kano State, Nigeria. Similarly, the results showed that there is a significant difference between job satisfaction and job commitment of the secondary school counsellors. The study confirmed the important place occupied by gender of secondary school counsellors in its relationship with their job satisfaction and job commitment in the study area. The study recommended among others, that counsellor training/preparatory institutions and other relevant education stakeholders should be organizing workshops for existing secondary school counsellors so as to enhance their job satisfaction and commitment.

Keywords: Gender, job satisfaction, job commitment, secondary school, secondary schools’ counsellors

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the factors contributing to high levels of antisocial behavior among youths in Lafia metropolis, Nasarawa state, Nigeria, adopting a survey research design. Taro Yamane's formula was applied to determine the sample size from the population of study, where a sample of 204 was drawn from a population of 375,000. The study employed a structured questionnaire as an instrument of data collection, which was validated by doyens in the field of criminological studies. The reliability of the instrument was determined through internal consistency. Descriptive statistics with simple frequencies and percentages were utilized to scrutinize and analyze the research questions; meanwhile, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was used to perform inferential statistical analysis, testing the study hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. The study identified substantial precursors to antisocial behaviors, including excessive and anonymous usage of social media. Additionally, the findings revealed that the family environment plays a crucial role in shaping deviant behaviors among youths, with factors such as family instability, single-parent households, poor parenting, and disadvantaged backgrounds. It was concluded that social media usage, family structure and peer influence are key factors contributing to the high prevalence of antisocial behaviors among youths in Lafia metropolis. The study, therefore, recommended implementing comprehensive educational programs to raise awareness among youths about the potential risks and negative consequences of immoderate and unregulated usage of social media. It was also suggested that counseling institutions provide supportive guidance to couples during times of family disruption, including pre- and post-separation counseling, to promote healthier family dynamics.

Keywords: Antisocial behaviors, youths, family structure, social media, peer influence.

ABSTRACT

Niger's insecurity, fueled by terrorist threats, tribal rivalries, and poor governance led to the military‟s ambition to usurp power. But then the hoped-for stability has become elusive leading to the regime invitation to the Wagner Group to intervene so as to curb the challenge of insecurity and assist the Junta to consolidate power and usher in a regime of stability. It is on this premise that this study is undertaken, to examine the implications of Wagner Group intervention ostensibly to engender stability in the country. The study adopted desk review method, primarily utilizing secondary data sources and the realism theory of international relations was used as the theoretical framework. The study contended that the Wagner Group's presence in Niger could have both positive, in the short-term, it can help to maintain order. However, Wagner Group penchant for human rights abuse, corruption and being a ready tool for the pursuit of Russian geo-static interest in Africa could have negative implications for the sovereignty, security and stability in the Republic of the Niger. It concluded that the long-term effects Wagner‟s presence in Niger remain uncertain, with potential implications for political, economic, socio-economic, foreign relations, security and stability. Niger must be cautious about becoming overly dependent on Russian assistance, especially in sensitive areas like security and mining, to maintain sovereignty and long-term economic stability. It therefore, recommended that the Republic of the Niger government should engage with local communities, particularly marginalised groups, to address grievances in order to promote peace and stability through traditional dispute resolution mechanisms and it should closely monitor Wagner's activities.

Keywords: coup d'état, Niger, Russia, security, Wagner Group intervention

ABSTRACT

This study examined the nexus between education and the unemployment rate in Nigeria (1993–2023), employing a comparative analysis. An ex-post facto research design was adopted, guided by a single objective, corresponding research question, and hypothesis. Data for the study were sourced from the World Bank (2024) for the specified period. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was utilized for analysis, conducted using the SPSS software package. The results revealed that education expenditure, with a coefficient of 0.002 at lag 0, has a positive and statistically significant correlation with the unemployment rate (p < 0.001). This highlights the crucial role of increased investment in education as a medium of reducing unemployment. Based on these findings, the study recommends, among other measures, that: The government should increase fiscal allocations to education to improve quality and align with global standards and Education policies should emphasize job creation, entrepreneurship, and self-sustainability to address unemployment effectively.

Keywords: Education, Unemployment rate, GDP growth, Education Expenditure

ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between innovative funding techniques and the sustainability of private secondary education in Cross River State, Nigeria. Two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the research. A correlational research design was employed, with the population comprising 381 private secondary school administrators in Cross River State. Using a purposive sampling technique, a sample of 281 school administrators were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Innovative Funding Techniques and Sustainability of Secondary Education Questionnaire (IFTSPSEQ). The instrument's face and content validity were established by three experts in Educational Management and Measurement and Evaluation from the Faculty of Educational Foundation Studies, University of Calabar. Reliability was assessed using the Cronbach Alpha method, yielding reliability coefficients of .81 and .83. The null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 significance level using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. The results revealed a significant relationship between crowdfunding and the revitalization of business ventures and the sustainability of secondary education in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study concluded that innovative funding techniques, such as crowdfunding and business venture revitalization, are critical for enhancing the sustainability of private secondary education in the state. These findings emphasize the importance of adopting diversified funding strategies to address financial constraints, reduce dependency on government allocations, and enhance the quality and resilience of secondary education systems. It is recommended that private school administrators integrate crowdfunding into their financial techniques by leveraging platforms that engage stakeholders such as alumni, parents, and community members. This approach will enable schools to secure additional funds for infrastructure, teaching resources, and educational programs. Keywords: Innovative, funding, techniques, sustainability, private secondary education.

ABSTRACT

This study examined mathematics assessment skills needs of Economics teachers for effective instructional delivery in Public secondary schools in South East, Nigeria. The population of the study was 730 with a sample of 258 comprising 47 Mathematics Educators and 211 Economics teachers drawn from public universities and secondary schools in the south East respectively using multistage sampling technique. The research design was descriptive research design. The instrument for data collection was a 53-item researcher developed questionnaire titled: Mathematical Skill Needs of Economics Teachers for Effective Instructional Delivery Questionnaire (MSNETEIDQ). Weighted mean and Improvement Need Index analysis were used to answer the research questions raised for the study while t- test statistic was used to test the hypotheses that guided the study at 0.05 level of significant. The results found out that the mathematics assessment skill needs of Economics teachers for effective Economics instructional delivery include the analytical skills, critical thinking skills, and differentiated instruction skills. Based on the results, it was recommended that school administrations should organize regular training for teachers on the effective use of assessment skill in instructional delivery.

Keywords: Skill needs, economics teachers, mathematical assessment, instructional delivery.

ABSTRACT

Digital banking is among the technological innovations currently reverberating the cyber wave. this study seeks to assess communication, awareness and acceptance of it among the residents of south-east and south-south, nigeria. the survey objectives were to ascertain awareness level of the south-east and south-south residents towards digital banking during the cash crunch, determine the acceptance level of digital banking among the south-east and south-south residents, find out the role of communication in awareness and acceptance of digital banking during the cash crunch in south-east and south-south nigeria, and assess the usage of digital banking amidst cash crunch in south-east and south nigeria. the study methodology is a sample survey which allowed researchers to administer questionnaires on 385 respondents out of the 50,166,807 study population. the findings showed that awareness level of digital banking was good (36%) in south-east and south-south nigeria during the cash crunch but it level of acceptance and usage improved more (37%) after the cash crunch. the study also ascertained that communication contribute significantly (59%) towards the usage and acceptance of digital banking in the two zones. it further showed that usage of digital banking in south-east and south-south has improved due to significant contributions of communication.

Keywords: cash crunch, communication, digital banking, south-east and south-south Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The budgeting process is a crucial component of public financial management and a key determinant of economic stability in any country. This present study on budgeting processes and economic instability in Nigeria during President Buhari‟s second term has revealed several critical insights into the challenges, inefficiencies and potential solutions within the Nigerian fiscal framework. Guided by three research questions and their corresponding objectives, this study anchored on the „fiscal theory of the price level‟ (FTPL) and the use of qualitative descriptive approach. The study relied on documentary materials and adopted content analysis method. Document analysis was however based on government budget documents, policy briefs and fiscal reports from Buhari‟s administration. The study findings highlighted significant issues in budget formulation, revenue generation, expenditure management, and institutional capacity that have contributed to economic instability. The study also observed chronic delays in budget approval disrupted fiscal planning and implementation, undermining the effectiveness of public expenditure. Also, overreliance on oil revenues, coupled with inefficient tax administration, resulted in consistent revenue shortfalls and fiscal instability, poor planning and lack of fiscal discipline led to budget overruns and inefficient resource allocation, and inadequate institutional capacity and pervasive corruption which further exacerbated budgeting inefficiencies and economic instability. The study found that the challenges of budgeting processes posed negative impacts economic stability in Nigeria. The study concludes that addressing the identified challenges and inefficiencies in Nigeria's budgeting processes is imperative for enhancing economic stability. The study recommends amongst others that, the enhancement of budget formulation and approval processes.

Keywords: Budget, budgeting process, economic instability, budget padding

ABSTRACT

Neonatal mortality is a major contributor to Under-five mortality. This corollary is predicated on socio-economic and demographic factors. This study adopted the integration of descriptive survey and GIS to geo-spatially analyze the clusters of neonatal mortality from 2009-2019 in Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria. Data acquisition involved the collection of data from the selected local government areas in Imo state’s Public Hospitals’ records of neonates who were delivered, admitted and died within 28 days after birth from the year 2009 – 2019 in the study area. The study population included the twenty seven local government areas and the seventeen Public Hospitals in the study area. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation was carried out using Moran’s local indicator (Moran I) of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) in Arc-GIS 10.4, in order to facilitate the identification of area clusters with significant patterns of spatial association. The result shows a statistically significant positive Local Moran’s I index (LMiIndex) of 0.226715 which confirms that there is a positive autocorrelation of Neonatal mortalities in Okigwe local government area. It can be concluded that there is a high clustering of Neonatal mortality in Okigwe local government area. The study therefore proffers: governmental execution of infrastructural developments, strategic methodology and blue-prints, and refurbishment of the existing public hospitals in the mitigation of neonatal mortality in the study area.

Keywords: Cluster, neonatal, mortality, geo-spatial, study area.

ABSTRACT

The protracted quest for sustainability of teaching strategies in Social Studies and Civic education depicts dynamism based on the context and content of what teachers present as subject matter in the given sub-disciplines. From the dimension of teaching and learning processes, scaffolding as an innovative strategy has gained attention in academic institutions within the developed countries. The progress necessitates an overview of a case study within an emerging university environment in Nigeria with a view to erasing the past neglect of the vitality and values of adopting not scaffolding strategy. The results reveal that scaffolding remains one of the most powerful educational strategies in Social Studies education that enhances the achievement of Social Studies goals, but the level of knowledge application is constraints by limited facilities that can aid practical works. Similarly, the instructional strategy has help in bridging the gap between students’ abilities by providing structured support and gradually increasing students’ independence. It also possesses high potential to foster a deeper understanding of Social Studies content, development of essential analytical skills, and achievement of the goals of Social Studies as enshrined in the National Policy on Education. Therefore, scaffolding is seen as a Social Studies strategy that can enhance the learners to acquire the 21st century skills needed to explore the contemporary environment. This study recommends that curriculum planners and organizations should incorporate more 21st century packages including scaffolding practical for delivering social studies content to achieve values and other set goals.

Keywords: Scaffolding, social studies, teaching strategy, traditional method

ABSTRACT

This study was on Assessment of the Role Performance of Head Teachers on the Management of Nomadic Schools in Yobe State of Nigeria. The study has two (2) objectives,in line with these objectives, two research questions, two null hypotheses were formulated respectively. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. A total of two hundred and sixty (260) respondents were sampled from the total population of seven hundred and two (702), through the use of research advisor (2006). A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using weighted means to give the responses of respondents to the research questions. The two null hypotheses were tested using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 alpha level of significance.Major findings of the study were that: It was established by the findings of this study that the head teachers of nomadic schools made efforts in area of maintenance and utilization of infrastructural facilities but couldn’t do anything in terms of provision of the infrastructure in Nomadic Schools in Yobe State. This was obtained from the responses of the respondents to the structured questions given to them. There was a unanimous acceptance of the all the item statement on research question one that most Head Teachers do very well in the management of infrastructural facilities in Nomadic Schools; among which are: there is proper placement of available infrastructural facilities by the Nomadic School Heads.; The study concluded that: Most of the head teachers of nomadic schools in Yobe State largely performed their roles as expected particularly in the areas of; maintenance and utilization of infrastructural facilities.

Keywords: Role performance, head teachers, Normadic school, management

ABSTRACT

The study examined principals‟ managerial competence and teachers‟ effectiveness in public secondary schools in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The sample comprised 111 teachers and 10 principals who were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. Two research questions were answered using descriptive statistics while three hypotheses were tested and analysed using inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance respectively. Findings from the study showed that the level of principals‟ managerial competence in public secondary schools in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State was moderate ( X = 3.35); the level of teachers‟ effectiveness in public secondary schools in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State towards their job was moderate ( X = 3.16); Results further showed that a significant relationship existed between principals‟ managerial competence and teachers‟ effectiveness (r squared =0.732 P

Keywords: Principals‟ managerial competence, teachers‟ effectiveness, motivation, communication, attitude to work, job performance.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effect of board characteristics on the financial performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, focusing on CEO duality and audit committee size.. The inconsistency in past research findings on the nexus between board characteristics and financial outcomes prompted this examination within the Nigerian banking sector, characterized by regulatory pressures and corporate governance reforms. Secondary data was collected from the annual reports of ten listed DMBs spanning the period 2013 to 2022. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and panel data techniques based on robust least squares regression, were used to analyze the data. The methodology accounted for non-normality and heteroscedasticity in the dataset, using Huber regression and M-estimation procedures to reduce the influence of outliers. The findings indicate that CEO duality and audit committee size showed no significant effect on ROA, with p-values of 0.8345, and 0.2930 respectively. The results suggest that increasing audit committee size does not automatically lead to better financial outcomes. The insignificance of CEO duality challenges assumptions regarding leadership structure's influence on performance. The study concludes that effective governance in the Nigerian banking sector requires a holistic approach that prioritizes the quality of board composition and independence over mere structural attributes and recommends that regulatory bodies prioritize board independence in governance reforms, as it has a measurable impact on financial performance. Additionally, emphasis should be placed on improving the quality and expertise of audit committee members rather than simply increasing their number. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on corporate governance and suggest that Nigerian banks can benefit from more independent and diverse boards to enhance their financial performance. Keywords: Board characteristics, CEO duality, Audit committee size, financial performance, Return on Asset

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at assessing the adequacy and quality of basic infrastructural facilities in the resettled community of Muregi. Data were collected using quasi-random sampling technique, where 127 respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools (percentages, graphs tables Chi-square and T-test) were used to analyze the quality and adequacy of infrastructural facilities before and after resettlement in the study area. The result of the analysis indicated that the community had inadequate pit latrines (82%), access to water closets systems (18%). improper method of waste disposal (34%), poor access to roads (67%), access to boreholes for water (66%)), healthcare satisfactory (56.9% ), depended on wells for their water supply (26%) and about 34% of the sample were connected to the privately owned electricity supply through mobile generators. The result also showed that 35% of the respondents occupied buildings constructed with mud blocks and zinc-galvanized iron sheet roofs in a rectangular shape, and good water quality (20.7%), quality of education provided in public primary schools (56.9%), 64% respondents reside in their own houses, 30% reside in houses they have acquired by inheritance. By examining the infrastructural facilities in Muregi community, this study provided valuable insight for policy makers, local authorities, and stakeholders to develop targeted interventions on strategies for improving the community’s infrastructure and, ultimately, its socioeconomic development.

Keywords: Infrastructural facilities, quality and adequacy, resettlement, Muregi community.

ABSTRACT

This study is to determine the consequences of examination malpractice on the student academic achievement in secondary schools in Gashua/Nguru Education Zone Yobe state Nigeria. Three objectives and thee research questions were formulated to guide the study. A survey research design was used to for the study and population consisted of three categories of participants which include (4500) four thousand five hundred SS1 students, (5400) five thousand four hundred SS11 students and (5410) five thousand four hundred and ten SS111 respectively, totaling (15310) fifteen thousand three hundred and ten with a sample size of two hundred and forty (240) as suggested by research advisors‟ table of sampling 2006. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using mean and frequency table. The result showed that un seriousness among students and teachers and overloaded syllabus are the causal agent of the examination malpractice among secondary schools. The researchers recommended that workshop and seminars should be organized for both the teachers, parents and examination officers for them to see the need to fight against the menace among students.

Keywords: Examination, malpractice, consequences, academic, achievement.

ABSTRACT

This study explores the correlation between teachers' characteristics, work environment, and secondary school students' academic performance in Niger East Senatorial District, Niger State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive survey design, the research sampled three hundred (300) participants, comprising 100 teachers and 200 students from ten senior secondary schools. Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire and students' term scores in English and Mathematics. Results reveal significant relationships between teacher qualifications, experience, competence, and work environment on students’ academic performance. Findings highlight the critical role of conducive learning environments and teacher development in academic success. Recommendations are made to policymakers and educators to prioritize teacher training, improve school infrastructure, and ensure equitable distribution of resources.

Keywords: Teachers’ characteristics, Work environment, Academic performance, Teacher qualifications, Teacher competence.

ABSTRACT

The paper examined the interplay between climate change financing and environmental crises in Nigeria during the period 2020-2022. Against the backdrop of escalating environmental challenges, this research investigated the allocation and utilization of climate change financing in addressing and mitigating the environmental crises such as flooding and deforestation faced by Nigerians. The primary objectives of this study were twofold: firstly, to analyze budget allotted by the Federal Government for climate change financing during the specified timeframe, and secondly, to assess the impact of such financing on mitigating environmental crises prevalent in the country. The study is qualitative research and used qualitative methods such as case studies and content analysis to discern the effectiveness of and hindrances to effective climate change financing efforts in addressing environmental challenges in the country. The study found that poor climate change financing and lack of transparency in climate funds disbursement contributed to people‘s vulnerability to flooding and deforestation in Nigeria within the study period. Amongst others, the study recommended that climate finance must be drastically scaledup across the entire financial ecosystem, and especially from the private sector.

Keywords: Climate change, climate change financing, climate funds, environmental crisis, vulnerability

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the relationship between migration and human security in Nigeria. The writer affirms that the practice of migrating from one place to another is biblical and should be considered as healthy for the citizens of every society not just for the developed regions. Migration is a component of human behaviour determined by certain environmental and psychological factors. The paper states why people migrate from one place to the other, either nationally or internationally across borders. Though migration is a phenomenon that has existed in the past, present-day post-colonial Nigeria, its concept and context is saddled with a number of challenges. The paper therefore proffers some solutions to the problems, in order to have a peaceful coexistence among the people of Nigeria. A descriptive technique was employed in carrying out the research. The researcher extensively used both primary and oral sources of information. The research revealed that migration is imperative to globalization. It is needed for national and international developments. The research further revealed the various reasons why people migrate, ranging from sociological, political, and economic to ecological/environmental reasons. However, it finally suggested that extant national and international laws should be invoked in other that, both the emigrants and their host communities would be at peace with one another In the final analysis the paper recommends the need for good governance in Nigeria to reduce the rate of irregular migrations which exposes migrants to all sorts of security challenges.

Keywords: Border, crime, geopolitics, human security, migrant, migration.

ABSTRACT

This literature review examines gradeless learning as an innovative approach that prioritises intrinsic motivation, deep learning, and holistic development over traditional grading practices. While grades have long been used to measure academic achievement, their impact on student well-being, engagement, and learning outcomes has increasingly sparked critical debate. Gradeless learning also challenges conventional assessment practices by emphasising qualitative feedback, self-reflection, and mastery of content. Rooted in theories such as self-determination and self-efficacy, this approach fosters autonomy, competence, and collaboration among students, reducing stress and enhancing intrinsic motivation. The literature review highlights the benefits of gradeless learning, including improved critical thinking, creativity, and self-efficacy, alongside its capacity to reduce anxiety and promote lifelong learning skills. Gradeless practices such as narrative feedback, portfolio assessments, and pass/fail grading empower learners to focus on growth rather than competition. The paper highlights the need for continued exploration of gradeless learning to refine its implementation and address concerns about its long-term effectiveness across diverse educational contexts.

Keywords: Gradeless learning, gradelessness, ungrading, assessment, alternative assessment

ABSTRACT

Nigeria is a political entity with six geo political zones. Appointments into federal ministries, agencies and parastatals for the sake of fairness and equity are supposed to be shared among these zones in accordance with the Federal character principle. The Federal character principle is rooted in the proneness for fairness and equity. However, the Ibos from the South-East geo-political zone following the various appointments in the Mohammed Buhari civil administration feel greatly marginalized. This is also same for the South-South whohave in the previous years called for Resource control. This paper asserts that there is a history of violation of principle of Federal character in federal appointments. This allegation of violation can better be understood through a comparative framework analysis, the paper argued. A cursory look at the tables of appointment under the different regimes below under study depicts an outright violation of Federal character principle between 1966 and 1994. The same finding is evidenced under Goodluck Jonathan and Mohammed Buhari civil administrations. The paper therefore proffered a two-pronged attack on violation of the principle as solution. One, eradicating the capacity to marginalize and demarginalization of the Ibos and other groups that feel marginalized.

Keywords: Administration, marginalization, federal character, federal Principle,

appointments.

ABSTRACT This paper examined staff training and utilization and enhancement of sustainable development of the Nigerian economy. It is evident that investments in manpower training and utilization is associated with long term benefits, and organizations (both private and public) that embraces it are better positioned for optimal success. This is because the manpower (staff) in an organization, not capital or income or natural resources that constitute the ultimate basis for the nation’s capital as natural resources are passive factors of production. competent manpower are the agents that accumulates capital, exploit natural resources, build social, economic and political organizations that enhances national sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine staff training and utilization and how it impacts on the elusive sustainable development in many sections of the Nigerian economy. The paper adopted the qualitative and descriptive design and relied heavily on secondary sources of data such as textbooks, journals etc. Personnel process model was adopted as the framework of analysis and content analysis which showed that there is inadequate attention given to staff training and thus have negative effects on sustainable development in the country. The paper therefore recommends among others the need for improvement on manpower training and utilization strategies in both public and private sectors of the economy in order to enhance sustainable development in Nigeria.

Keywords: Manpower, training, utilization, sustainable, development

ABSTRACT

Insecurity has wrecked much mayhem in several spheres of life, education sector included. This study investigated the effect of insecurity on the emotional stability of non-residential undergraduates in Ogun State, with a keen focus on Olabisi Onabanjo University. It adopted descriptive research design and selfstructured questionnaire as instrument of data collection. A total of 216 respondents were sampled with simple random sampling. Mean and standard deviation were adopted to analyse the data gathered. The finding revealed that insecurity in the study area was of different nature like theft and vandalism of students’ properties, sexual harassment and assault like rape, kidnapping and abduction of students, bullying and violence by cult groups, among others. Also, the study discovered that substance abuse and alcoholism, greed, get-rich-quick syndrome, peer pressure, student’s unionism related violence, some host communities’ traditions and cultism caused insecurity in the study area. It further revealed that insecurity led to anxiety, depression, stress, emotional distress, critical medical conditions and at times resulted into premature death of undergraduates. The study concluded that insecurity fueled stress, depression and anxiety among students and caused social isolation or behavioural changes that hindered their emotional stability. It recommended, among others, that government should create special security architecture or units to implement, reinforce and oversees robust security measures within schools and students’ residential areas. Universities should prioritise launching comprehensive emotional intelligence and emotional well-being programmes.

Keywords: emotion, emotional stability, insecurity, Ogun State, undergraduate.

ABSTRACT

The study examined human capital development and economic growth in selected ECOWAS

countries for the period 2000 to 2019. The study utilized the Panel ARDL cross sectional

method of estimation while using E views 11 statistical software program for the re gression

analysis and adequately sourced the panel data cross sectional time series from World

Development Indicators (WDI). The study revealed that Domestic government health

expenditure of selected ECOWAS member countries had a strong negative relationsh ip with

economic growth in the short run and statistically significant at the 5% level of significance.

Domestic government education expenditure of selected ECOWAS member countries had a

strong negative relationship with economic growth in the short run a nd statistically

significant at the 5% level of significance. Based on these findings, the study recommended

among others that selected ECOWAS member governments should implement appropriate

policies to modify the educational and health sectors of the econ omy in order to improve the

region's standard of living while also making education affordable and accessible to all, and

that policymakers in the region should implement policies to help improve human capital

spending.

Keywords:

Human c apital d evelopmen t e conomic g rowth; ECOWAS; e ducation

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of technical and vocational skills acquisition on self employment in Benin Metropolis, Edo State. This paper employed descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 75 registered experts in the selected skills in Benin Metropolis. Purposive/judgmental sampling was adopted to select respondents whose opinions are relevant and to make valuable decisions. Thus, 75 samples were arrived at based on value judgement that the respondents are very knowledgeable in the subject matter. The instrument for data collection was closed ended structured questionnaire. The study adapted items suitable in measuring the various construct of this study from previous studies. The questionnaire was designed using 5 point likert scales ratings of “strongly disagree” (1) and “strongly agree” (5). Face validity assessment in this area of academic discipline was also done by the issuance of a copy of the questionnaire each to three experts in the field. Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of instruments used with alpha value of .786. Data were coded using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regression. The findings show that tailoring, food service, cosmetology, and photography skills have positive significant influence on self employment. The study recommended that the career counsellors and other stakeholders should continue to counsel the youths and graduates on the important of skills acquisition on tailoring and fashion designing, food service, cosmetology and photography for self employment.

Keywords: Technical vocational skills acquisition, tailoring and fashion designing skill, food service skill, cosmetology skill, photography skill and self employment.

ABSTRACT

The quest to secure a peaceful atmosphere has consistently failed in a secularist and pluralist Nigeria following the phenomenal killings; kidnap for ransom, Boko-haram operations and so many other insurgencies, particularly, the operation of the separatist groups like the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) activities in the country. The Nigeria state has since the inception of the first republic battled a myotomy of experience in her struggle for survival. Regional agitations for dominance and control of resource allocation have fueled conflicting interest amongst the different sister-regions and has promoted unsafe atmosphere for the citizens‟ habitation and peaceful coexistence with one another. This paper is an investigatory analysis of the reason behind civil unrest caused by the different non-state actors and their agitations for separation, unraveling the severe implications on the national peace and security of lives and properties. This paper adopted content analysis and qualitative data gathering as research methodology. The paper concludes that marginalization and the high level of corruption, nepotism, or cronyism and systematic human rights violations or repression on the people of South-East (Igbos) promoted separatist agitations in the South- East region. This paper recommends amongst others that South- East region state actors should engage separatist leaders and the government into dialogue for the negotiation of inclusive governance for mutually beneficial solutions.

Keywords: Separatist, agitations, security, lives, properties.

ABSTRACT

Election malpractices connote those acts of omission or commission involved in by those who organize, canvass or vote during elections. This, by whichever way it is being executed is often targeted to directly or indirectly give undue advantages to some individuals contesting elections and in the same vein, create some handicaps to certain candidates who are also contesting elections, thereby vitiating the reliability or legality of election outcomes. It is disheartening to state that African variant of democracy has lost its value to militeralism and one party autocracy to the detriment of multiparty and genuine competitive elections which true democracy is known for. This was in no doubt, practically seen in the 2023 general election, where the two reverent institutions (electoral umpire and the judiciary). This paper sets out to unravel the fact that the history of elections in Nigeria is more or less the history of electoral violence and various categories of malpractices. It shall examine the massive irregularities and monumental Fraud/ violence that have characterized elections in post-independent Nigeria, especially the 2023 general election, the role of INEC during the election and how it has failed to promote sustainable democracy and credible elections in Nigeria. The paper adopts content analysis and quantitative data gathering as research methodology. Findings reveal that electoral fraud or violence has become endemic in Nigeria that election periods are no longer for campaigns and garnering of support for party ideologies, but times of fashioning various methods of circumventing the electoral procedures, particularly through the manipulation of the institutions that determine election outcome. The paper recommends among other things that improved electoral technology and the use of BVAS still remains the best alternative for the achievement of credible, free and fair election at all levels in Nigeria. Therefore, INEC should adhere strictly to its use.

Keywords: Electoral management, credibility, election, state, failure.

ABSTRACT

This study examined the utilization of digital library services by psychology students in Imo State; four objectives and four research questions were stated to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design using questionnaire which contain 29 items as instrument for data collection. The population of the study was 1,246 while a total sample of 230 students were used as the sample population. The data collected was analyzed using mean. It was found among others that both AIFCE and IMSU have fair functional digital library. The constraints facing the utilization of digital library services by students are insufficient power supply, insufficient fund, lack of staff students’ awareness, and insufficient computers. The researcher recommended among others things that; students should have to be inculcated with the habit of making effective use of digital libraries for their academic works.

Keywords: Utilization, digital, library, information, psychology

ABSTRACT:

The paper interrogates demarcation of boundaries in Igboland and the broader question of ethnic identity in Nigeria, 1960 to 2019 has been central to the nation's socio-political evolution. Following Nigeria's independence in 1960, the issue of boundary formation and the determination of ethnic identity became pivotal in the political struggles of different ethnic groups, particularly the Igbo. The daunting drawback of Igbo communities in Nigeria is the question of geopolitical area. It is very amazing the overt dereliction of justice in 1976 when the Mamman Nasir Federal Government Boundary Adjustment Commission made frantic effort to cede/demarcate some core Igboland territories into some neighboring states of the south- south geo-polity of Nigeria. The historical complexity of Igbo identity shaped by both internal diversities and external influences has been a key driver of the narrative surrounding ethnicity, regionalism, and national unity. Historical analysis has been employed as the study method. This article delves into the evolution of Igbo ethnic identity, the political significance of boundary demarcation, and the consequences of national cohesion in Nigeria. By examining key events such as the Civil War (1967-70), the reshaping of states, and contemporary challenges, this article argues that the complexities surrounding the boundary and ethnic identity question have often been overlooked, leading to a persistent sense of marginalization and delusion of national unity. The paper concludes thus; the federal government should through her special commissions on boundary waddle into resolving the boundary imbroglios with a view to achieving sustainable development in the study area, and to guarantee peaceful co-existence.

Keywords; Boundary, dispute, adjustment, territory, development, demarcation, dereliction.

ABSTRACT

Since the return to democratic governance in Nigeria in 1999, electoral irregularities have significantly hampered successful conduct of credible elections. These electoral anomalies have over the years manifested in the forms of underage voting, snatching of election materials, harassment of electoral officials and voters, ballot box stuffing, declaration of results in situations and locations where elections never held, and trading of voter identification cards for cash during elections. The bid to tackle these challenges prompted a number of electoral reforms by INEC, eventually leading to the adoption of various election technologies since 2011 and the implementation of bimodal voter accreditation system (BVAS) from 2021. This study investigated the role of BVAS in tackling incidents of snatching of election materials in the 2023 Presidential election in Nigeria. The study is qualitative research and it adopted the documentary method of data collection. Findings reveal that the BVAS utilized in the conduct of the election, to a great extent, reduced incidents of snatching of election materials. In order to improve on and consolidate these gains, it’s pertinent that Nigeria's electoral umpire should amongst others ensure that advanced cybersecurity protocols are established to protect against hacking and data breaches.

Keywords: BVAS, election, election technology, INEC, voting

ABSTRACT

This study specifically examines the mechanism of putting South-East States to sound Socio-Economic development through Diaspora collaboration and investment strategy. South-East states inhabitants are facing severe monumental and terrifying Socio-Economic disruptions and dysfunctions due to incessant security challenges and other forms of criminalities that have bedeviled the areas. This precarious situation has significantly paralyzed the socio-economic endeavors of the people as activities have dwindled precipitously. This study’s central objective is to determine the role of Diaspora Collaborative Investment Strategy in the restoration and building of strong economy of the Zone. The study reviewed extant and related Literature. The study also utilized co-operative theory for its theoretical framework. Methodologically, the study utilized qualitative research design, employed Documentary Secondary Sources of data for its investigation. The study further utilized content analyzes in the interpretation of its data. The result of the study indicates that the South-East zone is currently having a deplorable and negative impact on its socio-economic development as a result of the disruption of economic and other related activities. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the indigenes should look inward and nip in the bud these devastating security threats that have become cancerous to the zone. The study further recommended holistic measures which include the need to promote dialogue, synergy and collaboration among the people with the proactive Investment role of the Diasporas for the growth and Economic Development of the Zone.

Keywords: Strategy, security challenges, socio-economic development, diaspora collaboration, investment

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the nexus between environmental disclosure and market value added of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) for the period of eleven (11) years spanning from 2012 to 2022. Emission Disclosure (EMID), Compliance Disclosure (COMD), Effluent and Waste Disclosure (EFWD) were used to proxy environmental disclosure while Market Value Added (MVA) served as the dependent variable. In line with the objectives of the study, three hypotheses were formulated. Ex-post facto research design was employed. Six (6) out of the eleven (11) quoted oil and gas firms constituted the sample size of this study. Secondary data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms in accordance with Global Reporting Initiative Fourth Generation (GRIG4) indicators of environmental reporting using content analysis. The study employed inferential statistics using Panel Least Square (PLS) regression analysis to analyse the variables. Findings from the empirical analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between compliance disclosure and effluent and waste disclosure on market value added while emission disclosure revealed negative and significant relationship on market value added. The study recommended inter alia that companies like oil and gas firms should take the issue of environmental disclosures serious, so as to enhance the confidence of the public on their operations which will definitely translate to improved performance.

Keywords: Environmental disclosure, emission, compliance, effluent waste, market value added,

ABSTRACT

The Nigerian electoral system and processes have been fraught with impunity and high level of malpractices that makes achieving democracy, credible, free and fair election through human rights practices a mirage for dream. The worst of it all is that the electoral officials, including the electoral umpire now compromise their integrity and engage in a very inimical pattern of conducting elections. This unethical phenomenon of the electoral umpire has dashed the hope of citizens in achieving democracy in such a way that their fundamental human rights to vote and make their rightful choice of candidates are often defeated. This paper advocates ways to strengthen human rights practices for democratic consolidation. The paper adopted both primary and secondary sources of data collection. It also made use of content analysis and quantitative data gathering, as well as mean statistics for data analysis as research methodology. The findings of the study showed amongst others that political education helped to inform the citizen about their political rights and privileges and make them to engage actively in the political participation for the selection of a right candidate among electorate. Based on this, the paper recommended amongst others that Political education of the electorate should be a continuous activity on radio, television, Facebook and other related social media channels and not only during election period.

Keywords: Political education, human rights and democratic consolidation

ABSTRACT

This paper examines „ethno-religious identity, resource control and peace building in plateau northern and Kaduna southern senatorial districts: an empirical review‟. The work is determined to give an empirical overview of the sample data collected in the research area. Non-Probability Sampling (NPS) method is used. „Onion/Doughnut Model‟ as a framework explains why resource control hides its monster behind ethno-religious identity, in which case, peace building then becomes the receiving end of such relationship. The findings reveal that ethno-religious identity does influence resource control in plateau northern and Kaduna southern senatorial districts, and the sample concurs that at 68% which is more than (2/3). Again, resource control is the root-cause of violent conflicts in the region, which is shown by 61% of the sample, being a little bit less than (2/3). And finally, factors such as ethno-religious bigotry, discrimination, injustice and preferential treatment largely on the side of political governance exacerbate violent conflicts over ethno-religious identity, resource control and peace building in plateau northern and Kaduna southern senatorial districts, as demonstrated by 82% which is greater than (3/4) of the sample. Hence, the research recommends that there should be massive education on ethno-religious identity, just allocation of resource and finally, leaders across board should ensure equity and justice in resource allocation, which will nip in the bud factors exacerbating violent conflicts over ethno-religious identity, resource control and peace building in plateau northern and Kaduna southern senatorial districts.

Keywords: Ethno-religious identity, resource control, peace building, intangible resource and violent conflicts.

ABSTRACT

This study assesses the impact of values taught in Civic Education on the behaviours of junior secondary school students in Ogun State. The research examines values such as equality, respect, honesty, unity, modesty, and civic engagement. The study finds examples of values taught in junior secondary school Civic Education; assesses the junior secondary students' level of comprehension of values taught in Civic Education; and investigates the impact of values learned in Civic Education on the behaviour of junior secondary school. Three research questions guided the study, focusing on the values taught, students' understanding, and the impact of these values on student behaviour. The study adopts a descriptive research design of a survey. The population consisted of all junior secondary school students, with a sample size of two hundred (200) participants drawn from five schools in Ijebu Ode Local Government Area of Ogun state. Samples were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using an adapted structured questionnaire tagged ‘’Values in Civic Education and Behavioural Changes Questionnaire’’ (VCEBCQ), and analyses using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed high levels of understanding and application of values like equality (85%), respect (90%), and honesty (88%), but modesty and civic engagement showed moderate comprehension (78% and 55%, respectively). Students possess a high level of understanding of values in the area of respect, honesty, obedience, unity, and solidarity, and positive impacts of values taught in civic education on students' behaviour were discovered. Based on these results, the study recommends enhancing the curriculum by incorporating more practical activities such as role-playing and group discussions to reinforce these values, particularly civic engagement. Teacher training and parental involvement are also suggested to ensure students internalize and practice these values both in and out of school.

Keywords: Impact; values; civic education; behavior

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the conduct of the 2024 governorship election held in Edo State on 21st September. Perpetration of vote-buying by desperate politicians, poor turnout of voters during the election, availability of many rejected votes and others were examined in this paper. This paper adopts system theory propounded by David Easton and Gabriel Almond. The study also uses the qualitative method of research, relying exclusively on secondary source of data such as textbooks, newspapers, magazines, journals and other documentary materials relevant to the study. The data gathered were summarized. In the governorship election held in Edo State on 21st September 2024, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) declared All Progressive Congress (APC) as the winner. APC scored 291,667 votes and People Democratic Party (PDP) scored 247,274 votes. The study revealed that the problems encountered in the conduct of the election were; PDP rejected election results in three councils, downpour disrupted the conduct of the election in some places and the turnout of voters was 25.6 percent. The study recommends that the INEC, political parties and voters should adhere strictly to the laws, and rules governing the proper conduct of governorship elections.

Keywords, voters, political parties, governorship election, election, INEC

ABSTRACT

The Southeast region of Nigeria has faced persistent underdevelopment, particularly in the railway sector, since the end of the Biafran War. This study argues that the federal government’s alleged neglect and sabotage of railway infrastructure in the region constitutes a de-facto economic sanction contributing significantly to the region’s underdevelopment, social unrest and a rise in criminal activities. The analysis moves beyond a simple assessment of infrastructure deficit, exploring deeper symbolic implications of this neglect. The unfulfilled promises surrounding railway revitalization, eroding trust in federal government and fostering sense of disenfranchisement among the population, perpetuating inequality and hindering economic growth. This paper analyzes the historical context and economic consequences of this neglect, demonstrating how the absence of functional railway services has stifled economic activities, hundred job creation and disrupted cultural exchange in the region. It further proposes a set of policy recommendations to revitalize the railway sector in the South East, including establishment of a dedicated railway service commission, a federal payroll and pension scheme for railway workers, the promotion of public-private partnership and prioritization of infrastructure development. The paper concludes by outlining a comprehensive implementation plan, emphasizing the need for feasibility studies, a dedicated project management team, secure funding mechanisms and a robust monitoring and evaluation framework. By implementing these recommendations, the Nigerian government can address the historical injustices faced by the South East and create a more equitable and prosperous future for the region.

Keywords: Economic sanction, railway policies, conspiracy, psychological neglect

ABSTRACT Due to changes in social, political, and economic structure of our contemporary society and the inability of the government to adequately provide basic social amenities and over all development at the grass root, there is urgent need to mobilize the Traditional Age Grade in various Igbo communities in order to achieve development strides. This paper puts that Age Grade System needs to be reviewed due to essential role they play in the traditional Igbo Society in the past. The paper made it clear that Age Grade Organization is an instrument for social and economic development of any given society. This paper believes that in order to carry community development to the grass root, Age Grade as one of the institutions has to be mobilized to meet up with political, social and economic challenges, needs and aspirations of the people. The paper is of the view that the reason why special attention is given to Age Grade is because people tend to undermine the position and contributions made by Age Grade at community development. The paper x-rays bountiful qualities that characterized traditional Igbo Age Grade system that needs not be neglected by the society. Keywords: Agegrade, Igboland, Development, Contemporary society

ABSTRACT

Recent developments in Nigeria-China relations have evolved into a phase of intricate and extensive economic interactions. These resulted in the execution of eleven concessional loan agreements, amounting to approximately USD 3.121 billion for infrastructure development. The rising Chinese financial assistance to Nigeria has sparked a contentious debate regarding the disproportionate relationship between the influx of loans and the actual infrastructural development observed. This study sought to analyse the influence of China's loan agreement politics on the development of Nigeria's transport sector from 2010 to 2020. The study was guided by these research questions. Has the bilateral financing agreement on the transport industry between Nigeria and China advanced the development of the nation's air and rail infrastructures from 2010 to 2023? Did the conditionality of China's loans compromise the national sovereignty of Nigeria throughout the study period? The research employed an ex-post-facto design. The research employed original documents, policy studies, and expert interviews for data acquisition. The analysis of the study was based on the theory of complex interdependence. The research indicated that Chinese funds funded the development of all four terminals at the international airport, and work on the Nigeria Railway renovation projects had begun, with some planned lines finished and currently operational. China's loan conditionality threatens the national sovereignty of Nigeria during the study period. The study called for setting up a think tank to come up with and suggest policy frameworks for better interactions with China and Nigeria among others

Keywords: China-Nigeria relations, loan agreements, infrastructural development, sovereignty, Conditionality.

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the alarming trend of cryptocurrency usage in financing terrorism and armed conflict within the Sahel region of Africa. While the lack of publicly available data presents a significant challenge to comprehensive analysis, existing evidence suggests that terrorist organizations are increasingly exploiting the decentralized and pseudonymous nature of crypto currencies to circumvent traditional financial regulations and raise funds. This paper examines the various methods employed by terrorist groups to utilize crypto currencies, analyzing the challenges in tracking and mitigating this activity. Furthermore, the paper proposes potential strategies to combat the use of crypto currencies in fueling instability in the Sahel region, highlighting the need for international cooperation, enhanced regulatory frameworks and innovative technological solutions. The paper concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for a multi-faceted approach to address this emerging threat and prevent the further destabilization of the Sahel through crypto-currency enabled financing of terrorism

Keywords: Currency, renewable energy, finance, armed conflict, terrorism.

ABSTRACT

Rape is a pervasive issue affecting female students in university communities, with far-reaching consequences. Despite its severity, there is a dearth of research exploring male students' perceptions and attitudes towards rape. Hence, this study investigated the perceptions and attitudes of male students towards rape of female students in the host communities of Tai Solarin University of Education. Three research questions were raised and answered in the course of the study. Purposive and volunteering sampling techniques were used to select 173 male students who were residing in the host communities of TASUED. The study adopted a descriptive research design in which questionnaire tagged: “Perception and Attitude of Male Students towards Rape of Female Students Questionnaire” (PAMSRFSQ)” was used to collect data from the respondents. The results of the study revealed that male students had positive and supportive perception and attitudes towards rape survivors, but had negative attitude towards the act „rape‟. Among others it was recommended that special workshop should be organized for male students, in which they will be trained on the different type of modality they can adopt to support the female gender and prevent them against rape.

Keywords: Rape, male students, female students, perception, attitude

ABSTRACT The intervention in the Niger Delta environment became necessary due to the degradation engendered by the exploration and exploitation in the region. The condition has caused suffering for both men and women creating poverty, health problems, and loss of inhabitants and means of survival. The Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) as an agency of the Federal Government was created to cushion these effects of degradation in the Niger Delta region. This study is set to assess how the environmental intervention by NDDC in the Niger Delta region has helped to make better the lives of both men and women in the region. The ex-post facto research method is chosen for this study with secondary sourced data from journals, newspapers, books, and the internet including in-depth interviews of selected individuals with key information on the subject matter. In its theoretical analysis, the study adopted Structural functionalism. The study therefore concludes that NDDC has not carried out its responsibilities as expected in the life of the female and their male counterparts mainly due to its challenges of corruption and funding issues. It is then recommended that the government ensure proper monitoring of the agency in managing funds and leadership roles. Keywords: Degradation, environmental intervention, gendering, Niger Delta, NDDC

ABSTRACT

There is a need to embrace vocational training in Nigeria because of the country's skyrocketing unemployment. Conventional academic institutions' applied knowledge programs hinder graduates' ability to fulfil work market expectations due to inadequate practical preparation. Hence, this study evaluates the impact of vocational training on employment growth in Nigeria, using vocational training as the Independent Variable (IV). The four dependent variables are job placement rate, career level increase, career advancement, and employment retention rate. Quantitative data was collected from 384 students who graduated from various vocational schools in Lagos State, Nigeria, between 2018 and 2023, utilising closed ended questionnaires for the survey. The results of this study, derived from regression analysis, demonstrated a robust positive link between vocational training and all four employment outcomes: job placement rate, income increase, career advancement, and employment retention rate. The study advocates for the government to enhance support for vocational training centres throughout Nigeria by providing suitable equipment and facilities to meet contemporary standards; parents should motivate their wards to pursue vocational courses; and individuals should voluntarily partake in vocational training for employment related learning. Keywords: Vocational Training, Job Placement Rate, Income Level Increase, Career Advancement, Employment retention rate.

Keywords: Skills, jobs, vocational training, employment, growth.

ABSTRACT

Sex preference has been a sensitive issue in both urban and rural areas of Africa, Asia and parts of Europe as people have been shown to prefer a particular sex of child over the other. The research work is on child sex preference and factors that influenced such choices among the residents of Kaduna state. The objectives of the study include: (i) to identify the most preferred sex of child in the study area (ii) examine the factors that influenced such choices in the study area. A total of 400 respondents were sampled randomly for questionnaire administration. The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, simple percentages and chi-square test. The result revealed that Sex preference is pronounced in the study area. The study therefore recommend that the government should enforce population policy measures that recommend appropriate family size irrespective of the sex composition of children.

Keywords: child, sex, urban, rural, sex preference,

ABSTRACT

Blockchain technology is beginning to reveal itself as a fairly viable solution for supporting the security of industrial communication networks especially in networks which are often under a cyber-threat. This paper aims at analyzing the use of blockchain technology in the protection of industrial communication networks in Abuja Nigeria in the framework of theories relating to decentralizing; network security and data integrity. The concept of shared ledger and decentralized control in the blockchain system state the theory of network security correctly as it reduces the vulnerability to cyber-security threats by avoiding any central control point. Further, based on data integrity theory, the blockchain has an immutable ledger where different pieces of data are transferred, which makes those data accurate and reliable. This paper focuses on the perception of industrial communication in the present day Abuja environment, the security threats encountered and the prospect of blockchain in solving these threats. By use of case studies and a review of literature, the paper reveals the prospects and challenges of the use of blockchain technology in Abuja industrial segments.

Keywords: Blockchain, technology, industrial communication, network, security,

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine the impact of the 2023 fuel subsidy removal on Nigerian households, with a particular focus on its socio-economic implications. The policy change affected Nigerians in areas such as transportation, access to food, cost of petrol products, inflation rates and household income. As a qualitative research, the study employed the descriptive research design in analysing secondary data, while providing the basis for reviewing related literature such as books, journals, articles, government reports and newspapers. This research design also provided historical context and insights into the complex dynamics surrounding the policy change and the politics of fuel subsidy in Nigeria. Drawing from relevant portions of the social conflict theory, the study provided a comprehensive understanding of the underlying issues of the most recent subsidy removal in Nigeria. The findings from the study reveal that the removal of fuel subsidy has significant negative impacts on Nigerian households such as reductions in household income, altered consumption patterns, decline in living standards, increased transportation costs and rising inflation rates. In other words, the 2023 fuel subsidy removal further exacerbates the financial burdens on vulnerable populations including low-income owners. Based on the findings, the study recommends the implementation of a phase-out approach to subsidy removal, the provision of palliative measures for poor households and the promotion of budgeting and planning strategies for economic growth and national development.

Keywords: Subsidy, poverty, inequality, price hike, economy.

ABSTRACT

This study determined the effect of sectoral allocation of bank loans on the growth of the Nigerian economy. The study covered a period of thirty-eight years (1985 to 2023). The study proxy-measured the growth of the Nigerian economy by examining the allocation of bank loans to the agricultural, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying sectors, likewise to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin were the primary source of time series data utilised in the study. The study conducted a variety of data analyses, comprising the long-term and short-term dynamics of Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model estimations, the bounds co-integration test, and the unit root test applying Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF). The study's upshots indicated that short-term and long-term loans from deposit money bank to the agricultural, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying sectors, likewise to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), have a favourable and substantial impact on Nigeria's gross domestic product. As per the upshots of the investigation, it was determined that the Nigerian economy experiences substantial development as a result of sectoral allocation of bank loans. The study recommended, among other things, that deposit money institutions should rise their efforts to extend more credits to the agricultural sector on a consistent basis. This will further strengthen and rise the growth rate of the real sector in Nigeria.

Keywords: Sectoral allocation, bank loans, Nigerian economy, agricultural sector, gross domestic product

ABSTRACT

This study examines Strengthen Democracy and Leadership in the development of Local Government in South East of Nigeria‟s Fourth Republic. There has been a growing concern over the deplorable conditions of the rural people in South East. Unarguably, the expediency for the creation of local government as the third tier government is to facilitate Development at the grassroots. However, it is worrisome that the deterioration and overall decline in the quality of service delivery in the local government particularly in South East as a result of unbridled and unpatriotic leadership style adopted by the state governors towards local government administration has unimaginably brought dysfunctional and deficit infrastructure to the Local Government System. The objective of this study is to explore the Nexus between Strengthen Democracy and leadership in the Development of local government system in South East Nigeria. The study reviewed extant literature conceptually, theoretically and empirically with the democratic participatory prepositions for its theoretical framework. Methodologically, the study being a non-structured, non-experimental, non-survey, adopted qualitative documentary secondary sources of historical description and explanatory approach for its secondary Data collection. Content analytical technique was utilized for its analysis. Based on the analysis, findings show that abysmal and unpatriotic leadership coupled with the lacuna in the constitution has necessitated the State Governors embarking on unilateral, arbitrary, unlawful joint account and dissolution of democratically elected Government leaders which negatively undermined the affairs of local government administration, and it has given limited, hindered access to the funding of local government for development programmes. Therefore, the study recommends among others, that with the current supreme court judgment on Local Government, patriotic leadership, constitutional amendment and devolution of powers will prevent state Government arbitrarily interference and diversion of local Government funds and full political participation of the citizenry in the third tier government should be sustained.

Keywords: Strengthen Democracy and Leadership, Development, Constitutional Amendment, South East, Supreme Court Judgment on Local Government

Vol. 2 Issue I March 2025

ABSTRACT

This study examined ethical implications of posting, sharing, liking and commenting on social media among academic staff and students of Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, and ways to navigate through the ethical landmines posed by them. The objectives were to: identify the motives behind them; ascertain their ethical implications; and find ways to navigate those landmines. The study adopted survey design and was anchored on uses and gratification theory. Sample size of 389 was drawn using Taro Yamane method and data collected from 385 respondents to explore the ethical implications of above social media communicative acts. Findings revealed that students engage on social media because of self-presentation, self-love, maintaining relationships, and need for feedback. The implications were that thoughtless communicative acts on social media hurt emotions, negatively impacted on people, gives one a poor online image, make the author/sender liable to litigation, as well as affected their mental health. To navigate the ethical landmines, it was recommended that staff and students should always fact-check and verify their sources, flip the script before use, employ discretion and be considerate of others, and avoid invasion of privacy.

Keywords: Social media interactions, motives, ethical landmines, implications, navigation.

ABSTRACT

Celebrity endorsement has become a popular marketing strategy in Nigeria, including Imo State. The study x-rays the influence of celebrity endorsement on consumer choice of products in Imo State, Nigeria. Celebrity endorsement plays a key role and impact on consumers’ choice of product. The researchers narrowed the study down to Owerri because of presence of various consumer markets it attracts. The design used by the researchers was survey design, while the population was composed of 250 consumers were selected randomly, and 207 copies of questionnaire were retrieved. Likert structured questionnaire format was adopted for data collection and the questionnaire was face and content validated, whereas the reliability was ascertained using Cronbach Alpha reliability test for its internal consistency where an alpha level of .999 was obtained signaling a good consistency level. The data generated were analyzed using Mean, and the Simple Regression was used to test the Hypothesis via Statistical Packages for Social Science at 5% significance level. The results show that celebrity endorsement has a significant impact on consumer choice, with consumers more likely to purchase products endorsed by their favourite celebrities. The study found that trust, expertise, and the fit between the celebrity and the product are key factors that influence consumer choice. Meanwhile, the attractiveness of the celebrity and similarities between the celebrity and the consumer have little effect on product choice. The study also recommended that product or service management should be adopted as a way forward for celebrity endorsement since it will bring about a desired result on consumer choice of products.

Keywords: Celebrity endorsement, consumer choice, product choice, marketing strategy, consumer behaviour,

ABSTRACT

The existence of diseases, misfortunes and calamities have been issues that appears to challenge the credibility of the Christian faith as people of all ages tend to query the very existence of God. This paper presented a critical analysis of Christian apologetics and the effects of Post Covid-19 spirituality in Nigeria.. Christian apologetics as a branch of Christian theology seeks to offer reasonable defense to the authenticity of the Christian faith. Hence, the emergence of the novel coronavirus not only negatively affected global healthy and coexistence but created a new- normal forcing churches to shut down for months or minimal operate under the strict health and policy surveillance of the Government. Thus in the adherence of the Covid-19 protocols and guidelines, the practices of social distancing, use of face masks/shields, use of alcohol-based sanitizer were introduced in the church. Above all, skeptics and cynics saw the spread of the pandemic as a frontal challenge to the spiritual claims of faith healers and miraculous claims of clergy and other key functionaries of the church as the virus took a deadly toll on the entire planet leading to the massive deaths and hospitalization of some many across the world. With the use of qualitative and literary research method, this paper extensively explored through reliance on primary and secondary data, the history, spread of Covid-19 Pandemics and its effects on people‟s spirituality after the pandemics drawing inferences from the church‟s age- long engagement in Christian apologetics. In the foregoing, it was discovered that the church was not totally silent nor totally render redundant neither was the Christian faith discarded for being clueless. Rather, the pandemics provided a rare opportunity to many for sober reflection on the essence of life, the need for sustaining the family bonds/affiliations the concern for the less privilege. The Post COVID era presents new opportunities for the churches to reflect on their practice and praxis in line with the realities experienced during the pandemics.

Keywords: Apologetics, COVID-19, pandemics. theology, pandemic, spirituality

ABSTRACT

This study presents a framework for integrating Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPCK)

to enhance 21st century among geography teachers in Katsina State , Nigeria. A mixed methods approach

involv ing 150 geography teachers revealed gaps in technological pedagogical content knowledge. A TPCK

model was developed, emphasizing contextualized learning, digital resources, and collaborative

instruction. Results show significant improvements in teachers' s elf efficacy, student engagement, and

geographic literacy. The framework offers a structured approach to professional development, empowering

Nigerian geography teachers to effectively integrate technology, pedagogy, and content expertise.

Implications for teacher education, policy, and practice are discussed.

Keywords

: TOCK, geography education, t eacher d evelopment, technology i ntegration

ABSTRACT

This study examines the Efficacy of teaching English Intonation-Pattern using Computer Assisted Language Teaching in Nigerian secondary schools for national development. The study had one research objective, one research question and null hypothesis. The study adopted quasi experimental design. A total number of sixty (60) students. The experimental group consisting of thirty (30) students while the control group thirty (30) students were selected using simple random sampling technique. The subjects in the experimental group were taught using Computer Assisted Language Teaching method while the control groups were taught using Conventional Classroom teaching method, for a period of twelve weeks. One validated instrument with reliability coefficient 0.79, Supra-segmental Achievement Test (SAT) was used for the study. The finding from the study revealed that there is significance difference in the mean academics‟ performance scores of the students taught using Computer Assisted Language Teaching in English intonation pattern. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that CALT should be integrated in classroom for teaching intonation pattern. It may also help in producing teachers who may help to focus and shift the learning style from teacher-centred to student -activity-centred. It will also enable the students to take charge of their own learning and gather experiences that can help them retain what has been learnt.

Keywords: Teaching, English intonation, computer-assisted-language, national development

ABSTRACT

The study was on the Impact of Tertiary Education Trust Funds‟ Intervention on Provision of Instructional Facilities in Colleges of Education in North-West Zone, Nigeria. The design adopted for this study was descriptive survey. The population of this study comprise of all academic staff, management staff and TETFund desk officers in all the 12 public Colleges of Education in the Zone. There are 4,562 academic staff, 72 management staff and 12 TETFund desk officers totalling 4646. The sample size for this study was at 355.This includes academic staff, management staff and TETFund desk officers. The sample size is determined based on research advisors (2006) table for sample size selection. Proportionate simple random sampling technique was used. The data collection instrument for the study was self-developed structured questionnaire called “Impact of Tertiary Education Trust Funds Intervention on Research and Development Questionnaire” (ITETFIRD-Q). The questionnaire was prepared based on Likert five-point scale. The instrument was duly vetted the by Supervisors and other relevant experts. The questionnaire was subjected to trial testing using 36 respondents from Niger State College of Education, Minna. The research question was analyzed using frequency counts; percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation to obtain overall average scores. Also, ANOVA was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The study found that Tertiary Education Trust Funds Intervention has made considerable impact on the provision of Instructional facilities such as; computers; laptops, desktops Internet connectivity, smart-board, library resources and laboratory equipment, other projects include constructions and rehabilitations of lecture theatres, classrooms, hostels, offices, laboratories, road network and fencing of institutions in different parts of Colleges of Education in North-West Zone, Nigeria. The study recommends that the TETFund and beneficiary institutions should make sure that they assign their projects to only contractors who are certified to be honest and competent and the monitoring team should be at work always to make sure that they evaluate the project at close interval.

Keywords: Impact, intervention, provision, instructional facilities, TETFund

ABSTRACT

This study examined the “Influence of socio-cultural factors on women enrolment into postgraduate programme in North Central, Nigeria”. Two objectives were raised to guide the study. Two research questions were raised to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study was 1,770; which comprised 380 Female Teachers, 1,345 Postgraduate Female Students, 25 Staff of Postgraduate Schools and 20 Staff of Education Departments from Universities in North Central, Nigeria. The sample of the study was 306 respondents. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. The researchers’ designed questionnaire tagged "Evaluation of Women Enrolment Rating Scale (EWERS)" was used for the study. The validity of the instrument was ascertained by three experts in Educational Administration and Planning and the reliability index of the instrument yielded 0.89 using test-retest method. Frequency count, percentage and mean scores were used to answer research questions. Findings of the study revealed that economic condition of family has a very high influence on women enrolment in postgraduate programmes in North Central, Nigeria. It also revealed that religious factor has very high influence on women enrolment into postgraduate programmes in North Central States, Nigeria. The study concluded that. The study recommended that Federal Government of Nigeria and Non-Governmental Organizations should support enrolment of women in Postgraduate programmes through sponsorship, counseling and mentoring. It further recommended that Federal Government of Nigeria in collaboration with various religious groups such as Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs and Christian Association of Nigeria should orientate their adherents the true positions of their religion on Women Education

Keywords: Women enrolment, socio-cultural, economic condition, religious factors,

ABSTRACT

This study examined mathematics cooperative skills needs of Economics teachers for effective instructional delivery in Public secondary schools in South East, Nigeria. The population of the study was 730 with a sample of 258 comprising 47 Mathematics Educators and 211 Economics teachers drawn from public universities and secondary schools in the south East respectively using multistage sampling technique. The research design was descriptive research design. The instrument for data collection was a 53-item researcher developed questionnaire titled: Mathematical Skill Needs of Economics Teachers for Effective Instructional Delivery Questionnaire (MSNETEIDQ). Weighted mean and Improvement Need Index analysis were used to answer the research questions raised for the study while t- test statistic was used to test the hypotheses that guided the study at 0.05 level of significant. The results found out that the mathematics cooperative skill needs of Economics teachers for effective Economics instructional delivery include the communicative skills and individualized skills. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Government should ensure that every teacher is exposed to workshop at least once a year on how to improve on their communicative skills during their instructional delivery. School administration should provide every necessary support such as additional lesson periods for teachers that will use individualized skills effectively during their instructional delivery.

Keywords: Mathematics, cooperative skill, economic teachers, instructional delivery