ABSTRACT

The climate change-induced variability of weather indicators across climatic seasons and river discharge in humid Tropics has necessitates the investigation of dynamics of nickel, lead, iron, and vanadium concentrations in its river water resources. The specific objectives include to: (i) determine the spatio-temporal differences of nickel, lead, iron, and vanadium concentrations in KIR water and compare with WHO (2022) recommended standard, (ii) evaluate the influence of intra-climatic season dynamics on nickel, lead, iron, and vanadium concentrations in KIR water (iii) assess the effects of variations in inter-climatic seasons on the concentrations of nickel, lead, iron, and vanadium in KIR water. The study area was stratified into six sub-basins and two control points. A total of thirty-two water samples were collected from eight locations during four climatic seasons using grab method and analysed in the laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The descriptive and inferential statistics are used for modelling. The graphical assessments reveal disparities in the levels of heavy metal concentrations in various sub-basins while comparisons with each WHO (2022) standard give generalized pollution statuses on the order of Ni>Pb>Fe. The paired sampled test of intra-climatic season dynamics give diverging results, with Nickel converging between 3.531 and 2.990, Vanadium 5.501 and 2.603, lead 3.363 and 2.116. Each gives a statistical significant difference at 0.05 confidence level. Also, the T-test analyses of inter-climatic season variations reveal that lead and vanadium sustain the statistical significance differences only between early and peak rainy seasons. Contrarily, iron conveys statistical significance difference between early and peak dry seasons at 0.05 confidence level. Each exhibits a statistical significant relationship at 0.05 confidence level. The high pollution levels suggest urgent need for people-oriented measures via synergies to mitigate the human-nature-induced health risks to humans and the river ecosystem.

Keywords: Climatic seasons, river discharge, water utilization, heavy metal, health risks.

Corresponding Author: Ikpong Sunday UMO; Tel: +2348037565958

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-6889; Email Address: umohikpong@yahoo.com;

Received: 25:3:2024; Accepted: 10:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

There has been sporadic and sustained resurgence of military involvement in the politics of some African countries particularly West African region. For three years, coup d’état has successfully occurred in about five West African Countries: Mali (August 2020) and (May 2021), Guinea (Sept 2021), Burkina Faso (Sept 2022), Niger (July 2023) and Sierra Leone July (2023). The root causes and justifications for this avoidable wave are significantly connected with the regional economic and political instability, poor governance by elected leaders, and abuse of democratic principle amongst others. The supplementary protocol on Democracy and Good governance of 2001 gave ECOWAS the organizational legal impetus to intervene in member states to ensure strict adherence to constitutional government and to achieve peace and security through the development of democracy and good governance.

This study undertakes a critical evaluation of ECOWAS commitment on the promotion of democracy and good governance in the sub-region as enshrined in 2001 Supplementary Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance and offered some insights on the challenges associated with the implementation of the protocol by the bloc. Anchoring on influence theory, the study adopted the documentary method whereby data were collected from secondary sources. While such data was subjected to qualitative analysis, it was noted that resilience resurgence of military involvement in politics in the sub-region is significantly connected to the corrupt elected leaders in member states, manipulations of electoral processes and the weak mechanism that could check abusive and corrupt leadership in member States. It was therefore recommended that a pragmatic mechanism of monitoring the leadership in ECOWAS States be instituted and strengthened by ECOWAS

Keywords: Challenges, coup d’état, democracy, governance, regional integration, security

Corresponding Author

Ambrose O. ABANEME: Email Addresses: ambrose.abaneme@alvanikoku.edu.ng abavanah@gmail.com. Tel: 07038446430

Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 18:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Abstract

The nexus between Boko Haram terrorism and insurgency in Nigeria since 2009 when the dreaded group adopted violence as its operational strategy and the external influence that catalyzed its emergence constitutes the focus of this study. Many empirical studies have given credence to the fact of relationship between Boko Haram and other Islamic fundamentalist networks. To establish this link, the study adopted the Domino theoretical framework as a tool of analysis while relying on qualitative descriptive method of data analysis and the use secondary sources of data collection. The study discovered among other things that Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria was inspired, influenced and linked to other offshore terrorist groups who share common ideology of Islamic extremism and recommended some measures which shall help in curbing this menace in the country.

Keywords: Terrorism, book haram, insurgency, salafist, extremism, fundamentalist networks

Corresponding Author: Praxede C. Egeonu: Email Address:egeonupraxede@yahoo.com

Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 20:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Abstract

One of the cardinal trends that have not received much attention in Physical Geography and Environmental Science researches in recent times is modelling (coupling) fluvial phenomenon within the Earth surface. This study investigates the space-time concentrations of selected heavy metals in the water resources of the Kwa Iboe River (KIR). The specific objectives are to: (i) compare and contrast the concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, manganese, and copper across climatic seasons and sub-basins in the surface water, (ii) determine the effects of seasonal variations and interrelationships of cadmium, arsenic, and copper concentrations in the River water and, (iii) assess the implications of findings on the sustainable river water resource development. KIR basin was classified into eight fluvial geomorphological units (sub-basins) using stratified sampling method for the purpose of sample collections. A total of thirty-two (32) water samples were collected from eight sampled units during four climatic seasons using grab method and analyzed in the laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS model 22.0. Results of the mean concentrations reveal that cadmium converge between 0.558 and 0.025mg/L, Arsenic fall within the range of 0.0118 and 0.0009 while copper converge between 1.228 and 0.175 mg/L. A comparison of each result with WHO (2004) standard clearly indicates that KIR water are generally polluted by cadmium, partially contaminated with Arsenic and, non-polluted with copper. Results of paired-sampled models give positive statistical significant variations in the intra-seasonal concentrations of cadmium and copper (P = 0.05) across the sampled sub-basins and climatic seasons, while Arsenic took exception during early rainy season. This study recommends for increase proactive measures to (a) raise awareness on KIR water River quality, and (b) mitigate natural and human actions that accelerate water resource contaminations in KIR.

Key Words: Statistical model, seasons, Kwa Iboe River, heavy metal, water resources.

Corresponding Author:Ikpong Sunday Umo: ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-6889; Tel: 08037565958

Email Addresses: umohikpong@yahoo.com & umo.ikpong@alvanikoku.edu.ng.

Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 19:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

Emissions from automobiles are among the major sources of pollution in Benin City and a serious threat to the ecosystem. This study examined the concentrations of Sulphur (IV) Oxide (SO2) emitted by motor vehicles at some specific locations in Benin City. Four geo- referenced sampling locations were cited near Sapele Road A, Sapele Road B, Reservation Road and Plymonth Road. Data for the study were obtained from the measurements of the concentrations of SO2 pollutants with the aeroqual air quality kit, and were all analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means and chart. Results showed that the concentrations of SO2 for all the sampling sites were above the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standard of 0.01ppm, with Sapele Road A having the highest mean concentration of 0.46 ppm while Reservation Road had the least of 0.24ppm. The level of pollutant at Sapele Road B was found to be 0.13ppm at all times of measurement. However, higher concentrations of SO2 pollutant were measured in the morning and evening than in the afternoon for the sampled location. It is therefore recommended that relevant government agencies should develop and enforce policies that will stop the importation of adulterated premium motor spirit with elevated levels of sulphur. Keywords: Air quality, emission, pollutant, pollution, sulphur (iv) oxide, vehicular traffic.

Corresponding Author:E. N. Aigbobo: Email Addresses: mumluvsnao@yahoo.com.

Received: 14:3:2024; Accepted: 17:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This Study analyzed the effect of ability and mixed ability groupings on students’ academic achievement in Economics. The study adopted a quasi- experimental, pretest posttest non – equivalent control group research design. The population of the study comprised 12, 573 (6429 males and 6144 females) senior secondary school two (SSII) Economics students in the 68 public secondary schools in Port Harcourt Education Zone 1 of Rivers State. A sample of 79 SSII students comprising 41 males and 38 females that offer Economics was drawn from two public secondary schools using the purposive sampling technique. Two research questions and two hypotheses respectively guided the study. Data were collected using a 24 – item Economics Achievement Test. The instrument was subjected to content validation using the test blue print developed by the researcher while the reliability was determined using Kuder Richardson (K-R20) formula to establish the internal consistency of the instrument which yielded a reliability index of 0.81. The data collected from the respondents were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results among others showed that mixed ability grouping had higher effect on the students’ academic achievement in Economics, having recorded higher mean gain than those in the ability group. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Economics teachers should be encouraged to adequately mix up both the high ability and the low ability students while teaching students or giving them assignments to do in the school.

Keywords: Economics, academic achievement, gender, ability grouping, mixed ability grouping

Corresponding Author: Lasbrey I. AKUNYA: Address: lasakunya@gmail.com Tel: +234808039453691

Received: 29:3:2024; Accepted: 23:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

The regime of insecurity today has exposed the weaknesses of many strategies, principles and policies put in place to holistically unravel or curb its menace in Nigeria. One of such principle is the democratization of national security policies and strategies through the adoption of a federal constitution that shared the power between the federal and state governments. The paper investigates whether the inclusion of „security federalism‟ in the constitution of the FRN has resulted in efficient securitization of the country; whether there has been a seamless run-in coordinating security between the central and constituent states viz-viz the central coordination of the country‟s security agencies- the Nigerian Police Force.

The work used the secondary qualitative data in its collection of data, and adopted the Dysfunctional Cooperative Federalism theory (DCF) to interrogate the conflicts in security management between the state governors and the federal government through the mobilization and deployment of security agencies in security challenges. The research findings show that Nigeria‟s federalism is not federating in the sense that even though security falls in the concurrent list, the governors of states, lack the power to deploy the security agencies in time of security challenges in their respective states. It thus recommends that a constitutional review is urgently needed to create state Police Force- one that will be responsible to the governors of their respective states, and the practice of true federalism.

Keywords: Federalism, constitution, federal government, constituent states or units, security

Corresponding Author: Cyriacus N. N. IKE. Email Address: nwaezedelight@yahoo.com;

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3027-2427 Telephone : +2347019261279

Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 28:4:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Abstract

Rural insecurity has been on the rise to an alarming situation across the Nigeria landscape and more intensely in the Northeast, North and Southeast parts where terrorism, banditry, kidnapping, farmers/herders clashes, political instability and varying forms of criminality are rampant in recent years. This paper is a disquisition on the state of rural security in the southeast and the implications for sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The level of violent conflicts, restiveness and general fear in most rural communities in the region has continued to challenge normal life activities and economic endeavours of the inhabitants despite the already devastating state of poverty and government absence in these areas; with attendant adverse effects on the dynamics of socio-economic, cultural and political development of this known enterprising hub of continental repute. This paper, therefore, explores the manifestations, causes and impacts of rural instability in the southeast; and interrogates the perennial damaging realities of this state of insecurity in the region, quest for improved national economy and the pursuit for sustainable economic transformation in the country.It recommends strategic projects on rural development, political solution to issues of agitation, effective local government and traditional authority; creation of state police and demilitarization of the southeast for a progressive region with greater impetus to contribute to the drive for sustainable economic development in Nigeria.

Keywords: Rural, Insecurity, Sustainable, Economic, Development

Corresponding Author

EJIKE C. OKOROAFOR

Email Addresses: okoroaforec@gmail.com Stephenchukwuma288@gmail.com

Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 22:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This article explores the dynamic interplay between the judiciary and the democratisation process in Nigeria, focusing on the critical period spanning 2015 to 2023. There have been controversies over a large number of cases handled by the judiciary, especially in terms of contradictions between pronouncements of the lower and higher courts on similar or identical cases. Many court rulings have overturned free and fair elections, appointing losers governors and National Assembly members. The paper examines the judiciary's vital role in shaping and protecting democratic institutions in Nigeria's shifting political climate. By examining key legal opinions, electoral conflicts, and institutional barriers, the research tries to illuminate the court's accomplishments and problems throughout this transformative period.

This study had three main objectives that addressed these concerns. It examined (i) the judiciary's role in the democratic process during the specified time frame; (ii) assessed the influence of judicial rulings on democratic institutions from 2015 to 2023; and (iii) evaluated the judiciary's challenges in promoting democracy. Institutional theory served as the foundation for the investigation. We used qualitative analysis, case studies, and legal and political events to analyse primary and secondary data. The study revealed that political meddling and corruption allegations threatened Nigeria's judiciary. Public trust in the judiciary has declined due to controversial decisions and bias. Despite challenges, the judiciary has promoted democracy through landmark decisions, upholding the rule of law, and fair elections. The research recommended strengthening the judiciary's autonomy, boosting its capacities and effectiveness, and evaluating current legal systems.

Keywords: Democracy, democratization, electoral process, institutional challenges, judicial independence.

Corresponding Author :Cornel Chinedu U. UDUMAGA

Email Address: cornel.udumaga@alvanikoku.edu.ng Telephone: +2347035214994

Received: 23:3:2024; Accepted: 22:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This study focused on analyzing the physical and population growth of Tumfure sector, Gombe State. The data for this study was obtained from satellite Google images of Tumfure area in Gombe town for three periods (2009, 2014 and 2019). Both the images were sourced from Google Earth Software Application using the Historical image extensions. Population data for the study area was obtained from National population Commission (NPC) office in Gombe. Purposive sampling technique was used to administer structure questionnaire to 100 respondents within the study area. The findings revealed that there was an exponential growth in both physical growth of the sector from 0.5km2 in 2009 to 1.9 km2 in 2014 and increase of over 300% within the span of five years, while in 2019, the built-up area was 3.32 km2, an increase of almost 200% over that of 2009 and the population increase was in geometric rate for all the years under the study. The study also identifies the physical development problems of the sector which range from improper planning, gully erosion, lack of access road to inadequate supply of water which constitute the major physical development problems.

Based on the findings of the research, the analysis of the growth of Tumfure sector of Gombe town, the following are therefore recommended that Government agencies or departments responsible for Planning development, should control the development of Tumfure sector, so that proper development can be attained. It is recommended that the Government should provide infrastructure in the sector such as access road, schools and more health centers. In addition, Government should control the expansion of the gullies which constitute a serious developmental problem on the southern flank of Tumfure sector.

Keywords: Physical characteristics, population growth, urban development, Tumfure, sector.

Corresponding Author: Rebecca Stephen SATI: Tel. +23408030643392;

Email Address: satirebecca@gmail.com

Received: 28:3:2024; Accepted: 24:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

The study, argued that the African Church should engage in economic sustainability in the African continent through food preservation. The fact that hunger has been weaponized by the rich and powerful nations, groups and individuals, calls for urgent response from the Church to look inwards towards food production and food preservation. This will prevent starvation and close the lacuna in the food supply and consumption chain in Africa. Food availability in Africa will support and enhance economic development and sustainability. The event in Jesus ministry in Mathew 14:10-21 teaches the imperativeness of food preservation by the Christian community called the Church. The purpose of the research is to find out what the disciples of Jesus did in Matt 14:13-21 and apply to African Church. The design of the study was qualitative research that emphasizes the interpretative analysis of texts, communications and human interactions. Biblical hermeneutics and literary methods were used in collating data for the study. Method of data analysis was interpretation of Biblical text. The study is anchored on heat-transfer theory of Sir Isaac Newton. The findings of the research include: Jesus fed the people in this community out of compassion. The disciples in Mathew 14:10-21 engaged in food distribution in Jesus community. The disciples in Mathew 14:10-21 engaged in picking up broken pieces of leftover food which involves food preservation. The study concludes by recommending that the Church in Africa should endeavour to feed her members and non-members alike. The Church in Africa should as a matter of necessity engage in food production and preservation in the face of crushing hunger and poverty that is hunting the African community, the Church inclusive.

Keywords: Food, preservation, means, economic sustainability, imperative, African church.

Corresponding Author: Charles Anozie ANYANWU

Email Address: charlesanya10@gmail.com Tel: +2348037845948

Received: 23:4:2024; Accepted: 28:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

Business education and information and communication technologies have been major academic programmes that have added value to the economic situation of any developed nation based on their pivotal roles in entrepreneurship development. Significantly, the impact of business education and ICT can never be undermined in a challenged economy. Therefore, this study examines the impact of business education (accounting option) and ICT on instilling entrepreneurial capacity and traits among undergraduate students in Nigerian universities. The following literature was reviewed in the study: Concept of business education, concept of ICT, concept of entrepreneurship, and the term entrepreneurship capacity and traits. The study therefore concluded that the positive economic impact of business education (an accounting option) and ICT should not be underrated based on their economic value. Recommendations were therefore made, thus: that the curriculum of business education (accounting option) in Nigerian universities be tailored towards entrepreneurship and ICT exposure; also, the teaching of ICT, both practical and theoretical, should be made compulsory at all levels for all disciplines in Nigerian universities; and moreso, more experts should be recruited to teach business education (accounting option) and ICT in order to instill entrepreneurial capacity and traits in undergraduates at universities.

Keywords: Business education, ICT, entrepreneurship, capacity and traits

Corresponding Author: Oluwabunmi Amos OLUWO

Email Addresses: oluwoamos1@gmail.com & oluwooa@lasued.edu.ng

Received: 30:3:2024; Accepted: 20:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This work centred around a critical examination of the concepts of staff recruitment and selection and their impact on organizational productivity. The article undertook conceptual clarifications in relation to the dual concepts of recruitment and selection in addition to examining the problems limiting their positive and effective application in organizations. The qualitative method using historical and content analysis was employed as the research methodology for the dual purposes of data gathering and data analysis, while three research questions guided the entire research process. Findings and results showed that, recruitment and selection are often misconceptualized to mean employment and final offer of appointment respectively, while technically, recruitment means a call for applications from job seekers and selection on the other hand entails short listing some of the screened applicants for final consideration for employment. Results further showed that; negative or indirect recruitment, non-compliance to the principles of due-process, poor job analysis, poor finances and unwarranted interferences are some of the obvious limitations to the positive and effective application of these two concepts in the employment process within organizations. It is therefore recommended that; proper conceptualization and conscientization of the true and technical meanings of recruitment and selection be carried out by organizations through expert assistance, that recruitment advertisements should be done using the direct and open method, that adequate finances be provided in addition to the involvement of professional experts in the entire process as well as the strict and religious adherence to the principles of due-process from the point of recruitment to the point of selection and final offer of appointment.

Keywords: Staff recruitment, staff selection, organization, Productivity

Corresponding Author: Eugene Obiefule Ifeanyichukwu: Tel: +2348065184357 & +2348032082488

Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com

Received: 16:3:2024; Accepted: 22:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

The study evaluated the factors influencing level of students‟ enrollment in public secondary schools in Mbaitoli Local Government Area, Imo State. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Study adopted stratified random sampling to select a sample of 294 students comprising 153 male and 141 female SS2 students. Data were obtained through primary and secondary sources. Primary data were obtained using questionnaire and physical observation. Analyses of data were carried out using descriptive statistics and Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings show that there are twenty two (22) public secondary schools in the study area. There is low level of students‟ enrollment in the schools and factors which significantly influence enrollment are; distance to school, inadequate school facilities, inadequate sanitation facilities and teachers‟ performance. The study recommends that parents teachers associations, old students‟ associations, political office holders and community development unions in communities where these schools are located should be encouraged to compliment State Government efforts in providing school infrastructural facilities to enhance enrollment of students and learning in public secondary schools in the study area. Teachers in public secondary schools should be exposed to constant training by the Secondary Education Management Board (SEMB) for better learning outcomes.

Keywords: Public secondary schools, student enrollment, Mbaitoli, Local Government Area

Corresponding Author: Chinyere Lawrencia Charles-Akalonu

Email Address: charlesakalonuc@gmail.com

Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 28:4:2024; Published: DD MM 2024

ABSTRACT

The study examined ICT knowledge and the cognitive development of primary school pupils in Imo State. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlation research design. The study’s population consisted of all the pupils in the 1280 public primary schools in the 27 Local Government Areas that make up Imo State. The study included a sample of 358 Primary 5 pupils. The study employed Proportionate stratified random sampling techniques. The research instruments for this study are: 1CT Knowledge Rating Scale (1CTKRS) the Cognitive Development Rating Scale (CDRS) and 10 items of the ICIKRS to measure the pupils ICT knowledge /ability. The MDRS, comprising of 20 items, assesses the pupil’s cognitive development on a five-point scale. This study checked the instruments’ face and content validity and used Cronbach’ alpha to determine the reliability level. For the ICTKRS and CDRS, the scores were 0.81 and 0,85, respectively.

The data collected were analysed using Pearson r to answer the research questions, while a t- test of simple correlation was used to test the hypotheses at an alpha level of 0.05. Among other findings, we discovered a moderate positive and significant relationship between ICT knowledge and intellectual abilities of primary school pupils in Imo State. The study also revealed a high positive relationship between ICT knowledge and perceptual abilities of primary school pupils in Imo State. Among other recommendations, the government should provide ICT enabling gadgets to primary schools to support the pupils’ intellectual development.

Keywords: Coefficient, cognitive, development, primary education, pupils.

Corresponding Author: Bridget Nkechi NWOSU.

Email Address: nwosunkechibridget@gmail.com Tel: +2347031520999

Received: 17:3:2024; Accepted: 25:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Abstract

The study looked at the relationship between carbon emissions and foreign direct investment: the effect of Nigeria's fiscal policies in an effort to provide a remedy. Time series data from 1981 to 2023 were used in the analysis. The series has mixed stationary levels, according to the results of the ADF, PP, and DF-GLS unit root tests. The aforementioned outcome made it easier to apply the ARDL estimate to investigate the relationship between carbon emissions and foreign direct investment in Nigeria as well as the combined effect of fiscal policy and carbon emission reduction. There are two methods to convey the study's findings. The first method shows how Nigeria's carbon emissions are impacted by foreign direct investment.

The results show that although a single foreign direct investment may not produce emissions immediately, it does cause long-term environmental problems. However, over time, population increase, energy use, and growth all contribute to Nigeria's carbon dioxide emissions. The second model examines how Nigeria's fiscal policy handles carbon emissions and foreign direct investment. The outcome demonstrates that, similar to short-term growth, foreign direct investment has little effect on emissions in Nigeria. By examining her sources of income and spending habits, the findings demonstrate the importance of government fiscal policy in promoting foreign direct investment and reducing carbon emissions. The data' ramifications show that fiscal policy is a two-edged tool that can be used to both promote foreign direct investment and reduce emissions from a range of sources. Based on the study's findings, the government should invest in renewable energy since it is more environmentally friendly and the use of energy sources based on emissions should be monitored.

Keywords: Foreign investment, carbon emission, fiscal policy, time series, Nigeria.

Corresponding Author: Kunle Bankole OSINUSI:

Email Address: Osinusikb@tasued.edu.ng

Received: 13:3:2024; Accepted: 28:4:2024; Published: DD MM 2024

ABSTRACT

Music producers, writers, studio/ live sound engineers and stage performers are now capable of expressing themselves musically, through digital platforms, like: live streaming and other information and communication network service providers anytime, anywhere around the globe. Music production and the continuous improvement and compatible structure with Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), cannot be over-emphasized. This work Integrating Excellent Research Practices in Music Production for Entrepreneurship Education Through Digital Technology to Achieve Sustainable Development, discuses on how to venture into outstanding musical production through live music performances, live sound /stage recording, studio recording, using available digital technology, riding on modern digital information and communication platforms to improve and encourage music production and its entrepreneurship education. The researchers applied systematic participant observatory methods to elicit information from students, on concepts of digital music production, music entrepreneurship education; benefits and challenges of digital music production for entrepreneurship purpose. Thoughts were given to music education and its importance towards preparing graduates for entrepreneurship purposes. Recently, entrepreneurship education has become imperative in higher institutions in Nigeria; because it offers a realistic approach to solving the endemic problem of unemployment and underemployment. The need for regular review of music education curriculum contents to achieve relevance to students learning contents, government‟s duty in providing an enabling environment for teaching and learning were reechoed and recommended. The paper recommended that government at all level should try to meet the 26% allocation to education as recommendation by United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). It further recommended the provision of specific human capital development programms through workshops, seminars, and conferences for music education lecturers, music teachers and instructors to achieve sustainable development.

Keywords: Music, digital production, entrepreneurship education, music technology, music education Corresponding Author: Kingsley K. Egwu-Kalu:

Email: kingsley.egwu-kalu@alvanikoku.edu.ng Tel: 08035427558

Received: 27:3:2024; Accepted: 24:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This research investigated the Government Policies and Performance of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The results indicated that government policies have great influence on the performance of manufacturing firms considering the magnitude and level of the significance of the coefficient and p-value. It is evident that a relationship between economic policy and business productivity could also be seen over time. In carrying out this study, the researcher used the cross-sectional research design in accessing the target population. The population of this study is made up of two hundred (200) manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The

general managers, marketing managers, sales managers, human resource managers, and

production managers of the 4 manufacturing companies in Nigeria make up the unit of

analysis, which is a micro unit of analysis. 180 managers in the aforementioned category

were selected from 4 manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Data on the respondents'

(managers') economic policy and its relationship to productivity were gathered using a

standardized questionnaire. The survey was formatted on a five-point Likert scale, with

responses ranging from strongly agrees to strongly disagree. The respondents (managers) of

the 4 manufacturing firms in Nigeria were given 180 questionnaires, of which 172 copies

were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and the spearman

correlation coefficient was deplored in harnessing the hypotheses. The SPSS version 23.0

was used to run the correlation analysis. Their responses were analyzed using simple mean

and percentages. This was considered adequate for the instrument to be used for the study.

The study posits that policies should be put in place to check mate hoarding of exchange,

and exchange rate should be subsidized to the private business sector to support their foreign

transactions.

Keywords: Trade, external policy, manufacturing firm, productivity, economic policy

Corresponding Author

Nnenna Nancy CHUKWUMA, Email Address: nnchukwuma@noun.edu.ng

Received: 13:4:2024; Accepted: 28:4:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This study is centered on a critical analysis of the role of the Nigerian political class in Nigeria’s political development in the fourth republic. The political class could be in the ruling party or in the opposition. Political development is used to describe the level of improvement made by a nation in the areas of political differentiation, institutions specialization as well as secularization of political culture. Since the restoration of democratic rule in Nigeria in May 1999, the activities of the political class in certain quarters have been noted to be on the positive side. However, it has also been observed that some members of the political class in Nigeria have been engaging in some activities that have remained unwholesome in the efforts being made towards political development in Nigeria. The study is anchored on the group theory. Methodologically, this study adopted the secondary means of data collection. The content method was applied in the analysis. The study reveals that the persistence of political corruption, executive recklessness and intimidation, electoral violence and malpractice, among others has been derailing political development in Nigeria’s fourth republic. The study recommends the building of strong institutions and re-awakening of the spirit of patriotism by all citizens, most importantly by members of the Nigerian political class.

Keywords: Nigeria, Political Class, Development, Fourth Republic, Corruption.

Corresponding Author:Cyprian C. ALOZIE: Email Address: aloziechimdi@gmail.com

Telephone Number: +2348036279939

Received: 12:3:2024; Accepted: 29:4:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This paper examined the role of civil society in Community development in Nigeria by studying the experience of the Nigeria Red Cross Society (NRCS). The researchers adopted descriptive qualitative method of analysis and secondary source of data collection technique which entails documentation of related literature. The study revealed that factors impeding NRCS efforts to ensure community development include; Lack of diligent support of community dwellers to NRCS development projects, high rate of illiteracy among rural community dwellers and government de-emphasis on insecurity in rural communities. It was recommended that; Government and community dwellers should co-operate with NRCS in its genuine efforts to actualize community development. NRCS should give adequate attention to literacy enhancement need of diverse community dwellers for them to embrace modernity. Government should collaborate with mostly community leaders to launch and sustain pro- active zero tolerance of insecurity in rural communities, by training and equipping vigilante. Thereafter, conclusion was drawn that NRCS is an enviable instrument of community development in Nigeria. Hence, government and individuals should, in sincerity encourage it genuine efforts towards achieving community development.

Keywords: Civil society, community, development, Nigeria Red Cross, and community development.

Corresponding Author: Charles Chidi EKEADA

Email Address: ekeadacharles@gmail.com Tel: +2348064833070

Received: 22:3:2024; Accepted: 19:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This work centred around the impact of political science learners’ support services on instructional delivery in Nigerian universities using the Department of Political Science, Imo State University as a case study. The qualitative method using historical/content analysis and the quantitative method using descriptive survey design were employed as the research methodology while the mean (X) and simple percentage (%) statistical tools were also used for the purpose of data analysis. Four research objectives and four research questions guided this research activity. Discoveries from critical examination of available data portrayed that, a majority of learners’ support services were not available and that only a few of them can be found in the department of political science of Imo state university for proper instructional delivery. Moreover, over-populated classrooms, small sizes of classrooms, poor funding for the provision and management of these support services as well as poor learning environment are some of the factors limiting the effective and efficient application of these support services in instructional delivery in the department of political science of Imo state University. Hence, it is recommended that, enough financial resources should be provided for the procurement/maintenance of support services, lecturers should be properly trained and retrained in the use of learners’ support services in addition to the provision of conducive learning environment by making available larger/quality classroom blocks and by moderating the quality/number of students’ intake per academic session.

Keywords: Political Science, Learners’ Support Services, Instructional Materials

Corresponding Author: Eugene O. Ifeanyichukwu

Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com Telephone: +2348037106438

Received: 14:3:2024; Accepted: 21:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

Knowledge management is an important facet of every higher education. This mantra is associated with human and material resources development when effective, it leads to competency of staff and realization of organizational goals. The crux of the paper is on the problems and future of knowledge management in the academic sphere. This is qualitative study that adopted the descriptive design aimed at highlighting the problems and future of knowledge management in higher institutions. The problems include, management incompetence, and ineffectiveness of staff, upsurge in knowledge, obsolete information communication facilities, negative attitude of staff to knowledge flow, poor quality service from staff, poor knowledge sharing approaches and uncontrolled knowledge. The paper noted that knowledge management in the academia will have a bright future, auspicious and encouraging as a result of the following factors, improvement in information and communication technology which will bring about improvement in knowledge storage, improvement in knowledge storage, retrieval and processing. It would bring about employment of staff with ICT skills instead of having to train staff on the job. Globalization of education has offered phenomenal expansion to knowledge acquisition. The paper recommends as follows; doubling of allocation to education especially the library to run costs accruing from managing knowledge. Organizing seminars, conferences, workshops for more training in knowledge management, and implementing policies on plagiarism. Others are found in the paper.

Keywords: knowledge management, academia, globalization of education, ICT skills organizational goals.

Corresponding Author: Josephine U. NWAGWU

Email Address: Josephinenwagwu8@gmail.com Tel: 08033386701

Received: 15:3:2024; Accepted: 20:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

The study investigates the availability and utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the teaching and learning of Social Studies in teacher education institutions in South East states. Three objectives, research questions and hypotheses respectively guided the study. The study employed a survey research design. The population of the study was 100 teacher educators. The sample size for the study was 100 Social Studies teacher educators. The instruments for data collection were checklist and structured questionnaire which had a reliability index of 0.81 using Cronbach Alpha statistics. The instruments were validated by five specialists from Imo State University, Owerri. Frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the research questions and ANOVA was used to test null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that ICT facilities are not enough in teacher educator institutes. Also, the findings of the study showed that available ICT tools were under-utilized in teacher education institutes, students are taught with inadequate ICT facilities which may affect their academic performance. The study recommended among others that governments, non- governmental organizations, communities, schools and other well-meaning individuals and philanthropists should provide ICT facilities in schools for enhanced ICT utilization for effective teaching and learning purposes. Similarly, school administrators should encourage the utilization of available ICTs by giving incentives to teachers that effectively and efficiently use them in teaching.

Keywords: Communication, social studies, teacher education, teaching, technology

Corresponding Author: Chidi I. NWOKEDI: Email Address: nwokedichidi2@gmail.com Tel: +2348035485983

Received: 3:4:2024; Accepted: 22:5:2024; Published: 30:5: 2024

ABSTRACT

Education is a critical tool for equipping citizens as crucial agents of national development, with relevant knowledge, skills and values to boost their capacity to engineer sustainable development. However, education that can transform citizens into effective human resources for national development needs to go beyond the goal of imparting knowledge and skills by deliberately targeting the awakening of the national consciousness, passion and patriotism of learners, which is the central objective of citizenship education. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine the role of citizenship education towards sustainable national development in Nigeria. The reflective qualitative research method, which involves critical interpretive review of various perspectives and content analysis of documentary and non- documentary data, was employed. The study found, among other things, that the structure of learning experience in schools in Nigeria tends to foster a sense of individual and personal achievements, privileging self-actualization and personal fulfillment over the social role of the learner as an agent of national development, thereby engendering competitive individualized struggle for survival as against collaborative social action to address teething socioeconomic problems besetting the nation. The study, therefore, recommended that educational programmes be restructured to equip learning with not only the mental capacity and skills to make a living, but also a passionate affective orientation that accommodates national development as an indispensable corollary to personal fulfillment.

Key words: Citizenship, Education, Patriotism, Human resources, National development.

Corresponding Author: Maduabuchi OGIDI

Received: 24:3:2024; Accepted: 19:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This research is aimed to analyze the relationship between housing satisfaction and mental well-being in Owerri, Imo State. The research aim was to identify building types in the area, compare housing satisfaction across different residential densities, identify factors influencing housing satisfaction, and examine the relationship between housing satisfaction and mental well-being. The study used questionnaires for data collection, while inferential and descriptive statistics were employed for data analyses. The data were collected from 400 sampled respondents residing in various neighbourhoods in Owerri. The indices used for this study included socio-demographic characteristics, housing and neighbourhood characteristics, housing satisfaction, and mental well-being indicators. The research focused on household heads in the neighbourhoods which are male, with 73.7% representation. The respondents were of diverse age groups, with the highest proportion falling within the 40-49 years. The research demonstrated that housing satisfaction significantly varied across different residential densities, as shown by the one-way ANOVA analysis with the probability value (P-value) < 0.05. Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicated that socio-demographic factors, housing characteristics, and neighbourhood characteristics exerted a significant influence on housing satisfaction with the probability value (P-value) < 0.05.

Keywords: Housing satisfaction, mental well-being, residential densities, neighbourhood

characteristics, Imo State

Corresponding Author

Njoku-Kingsley IKEMDINACHUKWU: Email Address: cndulue5349@stu.ui.edu.ng

Tel: +2348119025495

Received: 12:4:2024; Accepted: 23:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This research study essentially examined the achievement and challenges of EFCC in the fight against corruption in Nigeria. From the relevant reviewed literatures, it was established that there is corruption in Nigeria and the structural functional analysis was considered necessary and useful in this study because of its potential of providing a scientific and value free knowledge knowing that EFCC is seen as a structure introduced by political elite with the authority of checking financial crimes in the economy. The study also analytically considered the work of Idris (2021) which examined EFCC and anti-corruption crusade in Nigeria. The study concludes by recommending the need for EFCC to be more sophisticated and honest in its investigation and prosecution of corruption cases.

Keywords: Corruption, Commission, Financial Crimes and Money Laundering Corresponding Author: Precious Chukwuma AKOBUNDU: Email Addresses: akobunduprecious0@gmail.com,

precious.akobundu@alvanikoku.edu.ng Telephone Number: +2348037425538

Received: 12:4:2024; Accepted: 25:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

Women are great assets to every human society. Their role in the traditional Igbo religion and culture was too enormous to be easily swept under the carpet of historical oversight. This paper by seeking to examine the role of women in the traditional Igbo religion and culture begins by definition of key concepts used in the study. It goes ahead to look at womanhood in the traditional Igbo religion and culture; the role of women in the traditional Igbo religion and culture and women‟s challenges in the traditional religion and culture. It highlights socio- cultural violence, discrimination and patriarchy “which sees men as superior, heads and lords over women believed to be inferior and second class citizens”, as major impediments to women‟s role in the traditional Igbo religion and culture. It concludes by stressing that women can do better in modern society if given the necessary support by the men. The paper, thus recommends that every form of cultural and gender-imposed discrimination on women should be dismantled to enable them function effectively and bring their full potentials to bear on the development and wellbeing of Igboland in particular and Nigeria in general.

Keywords: Women, Igboland, Traditional Igbo Religion, Culture.

Corresponding Author: Simeon U. N. DURUJI

Email Address: venduruji@gmail.com Telephone: +2348037106438

Received: 18:3:2024; Accepted: 23:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This paper explored the inseparable and invaluable importance of Christian theology in peace building in Africa. At present, Africa as a continent is being besieged by internecine wars and upheavals, which make the attainment of peace an utopia. At the heart of Christian theology lies the need to foster a peaceful existence not just between God and man, but also between man and his neighbour. A theology of peace would not only entrench a just and righteous society but guarantee peace and harmony. Hence, theology undertakes not just a systematic evaluation of the nature, purposes and redemptive activities of God but also aims at evaluating among all the nature of man in relationship to His creation, communicable attributes to God, often which he shares God’s image. This benevolent endowment demands a responsible stewardship not only in harnessing human and material resources but also to ensure their preservation and sustenance through the promotion of peaceable environment.

Jesus as the Prince of peace came to inaugurate his salvific mission by preaching peace and reconciliation instead of retribution. Africa is a diverse continent notable for heterogeneity evidenced in multi-ethic, multicultural and multi-religious. Hence, this paper with the use of evaluative and hermeneutical appraisal of extant articles and books on relevant subject matters acceded to the fact that human being though created in the source of wars and conflicts. Therefore, in order to maintain peace, a proper reflection is germane on the theological bases of peace which are the Abrahamic and Jesus model of theology of peace. These viewpoints will significantly contribute to peace building in Africa.

Keywords: Theology, peace building, image of God, conflicts

Corresponding Author: Festus Chukwunyere OPARA: Address: oprahfestus@gmail.com Tel: +2348038190828

Received: 21::2024; Accepted: 25:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigated entrepreneurship as a catholicon to Imo state’s economic progress: Assessment of select enterprises in Owerri. Two research questions were raised. 93 enterprises were sampled and studied. A content analysis approach that used inferential method was employed. The findings revealed that: availability and consistency of entrepreneurship education in higher institutions in IMO stimulate stimulate entrepreneurship skills in future graduates. Also lack of retraining on the part of entrepreneurship instructors, poor enterprising culture and inadequate facilities and equipment for teaching and learning in practical related courses are among major factors inhibiting entrepreneurship education.

Based on these findings, recommendations include; more qualified trainers should be made available in higher institutions in Imo State, more facilities should be provided to help future graduates become self-employed, also adequate finance and funding should be made available by government, private sector and other conglomerates to enhance adequate financial provision of funding of entrepreneurs.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Catholicon, Economic Progress, Assessment, Owerri.

Corresponding Author: Chimezie O. AMANZE

Email Address: amanze.chimezie@alvanikoku.edu.ng

Tel: +2348066778903

Received: 22:4:2024; Accepted: 26:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

Un-employment: the challenge of Nigeria's education system is an attempt to x-ray the relevance of skill in the curricular of various levels of education and the several education policies of Nigeria. Whereas education aims at holistic development of the individual with a view to positioning him to harness the natural resources in his environment to his advantage, lack of skill can still rob him of the prospects of better life in the midst of plenty. The objective of this research included interrogating whether there is a nexus between lack of skill in the education curricular of various levels of education in Nigeria and their extant un- employability status. The core finding of the paper was that, in spite of the several well- intentioned education policies that have dotted the pre- and post-independence Nigeria, there appears to be massive production of un-employable school leavers in Nigeria due to emphasis on paper qualifications without matching same with acquisition of relevant skills that enhance employability of the school leavers. This has been the challenge of many secondary schools leavers and tertiary institutions graduates in Nigeria. Further finding suggest that this un- employability status has led to increase in the availability of school graduates for vices like kidnapping, armed robbery, insurgency, separatist agitations, thuggery, election violence, intimidation and brutal assassinations, etc, among the youths in Nigeria.

This paper, therefore, posited that absence of hands on approach, occasioned by frequent truncation of otherwise well thought out education policies, was the gap in the nexus between education for white collar jobs and acquisition and application of skills that enhance employability among the youths in Nigeria.

Keywords: education, skill-acquisition, school leavers and un-employability.

Corresponding Author: Obiageri Gloria ELEAGU

Email Address: obyeleagu@gmail.com

Tel: +2349055665656

Received: 20:4:2024; Accepted: 26:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

The study examined Google Classroom as a tool of virtual learning and academic performance of Economics students in Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education from 2019-2023. Four research questions guided the study. The design of the study was descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 3919 while a sample size of 196 was adopted.

Mean was used as the statistical tool to analyze the data collected. After the analysis using tables, it was discovered that Google classroom provides a veritable platform for both teachers and students to utilize digital technological tools for students’ engagement in an online environment. The platform promotes active learning which makes the learning materials more accessible to students anywhere anytime. Based on the findings, it was recommended that teachers should ensure that time limits are given to students to submit their works to enable them participate and students on their own part should as a matter of necessity own gadgets to enable them access Google classroom whenever and wherever.

Keywords: Google classroom, virtual learning and academic performance

Corresponding Author: Sandralyn Ifeoma OBUIKWU

Email Address: sandyifyy@gmail.com

Tel: +2348066778903

Received: 1:4:2024; Accepted: 26:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the influence of living conditions of female students residing in the hostels on their academic performance in the University of Benin, Ogbowo Campus, Edo State. The total sample size of 250 female students were systematically drawn from five hostels (comprising NDDC, Keystone, Hall 1, Hall 2, and Hall 3) respectively. Data were generated using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The linear regression model of the multiple effects of hostel conditions (predictors) on female students’ academic performance gives a very low coefficient of 0.172, and a corresponding low F- value of 0.50. This study established that the predicting variables did not satisfy sufficiently the prediction of the dependent variable (Respondents academic performance). Similarly, ANOVA model of differences among and hostels and student academic performance gives a very weak mean square value of 2.26, with a corresponding low F –Value of 2.219. It is inferred from the result that there is no statistically significance at p < 0.05. That means, the p value is = 0.068, which is > 0.05.

The implication is that the null hypothesis is accepted and affirmed that there is no statistical significant difference between female hostels’ residents and students’ academic performance in the University of Benin. This study recommends that the University authority should consider a long-term strategic plan to address structural issues relating to hostel infrastructure and capacity.

Keywords: Statistical model, female hostels, living conditions, academic performance

Corresponding Author: Ehiane OTABOR-OLUBOR

Email Address: ehiane.otabor-olubor@uniben.edu

Tel: +2348037331766

Received: 25:4:2024; Accepted: 29:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS)

Faculty of Social and Management Sciences,

Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education, Owerri

Imo State, Nigeria.

Volume 1 Issue 1 May, 2024.

ABSTRACT

Issues of global warming and insecurity have emerged as critical determinants influencing the agricultural sector which can potentially lead to food crisis. This paper examined the effect of anthropogenic global warming and insecurity on agricultural productivity in Nigeria. The time series data used for the analyses spanned between 1981 and 2020. The variables include :

Agriculture output (AP), Methane emission (MT), Population (PP), Terrorist Attacks (TA) and Terrorist Deaths (TD). The bounds test to co-integration approach based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was estimated. The results indicate that the variables are co-integrated. The ECM term is negatively signed and statistically significant. The speed of adjustment of short-run deviations from long-run equilibrium is 32 percent annually. Our findings indicate that population growth and methane emission are positively related to agricultural productivity while insecurity (terrorists attacks and deaths) leads to decrease in agricultural productivity. We recommend that government should employ scientific methods towards selection of its mitigation policies as not all emissions are harmful to agricultural productivity. Government should strengthen the security architecture to secure the farmlands and farmers. We further recommend use of indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms and peace-building strategies in restoring stability to conflict-prone areas.

Keywords: Anthropogenic, global warming, insecurity, agricultural productivity, ARDL

Corresponding Author: Chinedu A. Nwosu

Email Address: Chinedunwosu2002@gmail.com

Received: 17:3:2024; Accepted: 19:5:2024; Published: 30:5:2024

Abstract

Terrorism is one of the Major factors of political radicalism in African politics and has assumed different dimensions that call for diplomatic solutions for its resolution. Its occurrence is widespread across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria that has been tagged a “West African terrorist enclave" (Gen Idada, 2013). Generally, most scholars believed the insurgency of Terrorism in Nigeria to be political with Gunboat Diplomacy Approach (Cable, 1971) where military or perhaps militia strength is used for intimidation in order to achieve certain non-political objectives, but this paper develops Insurgency Diplomatic Approach (IDA) to explain that terrorism is an insurgent phenomenon designed for diplomatic and political Objectives, as such a factor as the fourth stage (PR4) of political radicalism. This research article creates disparity twixt the implication involved in the politically motivated violence and that of the terrorists violence engineered for political objective in Nigeria, and defined Terrorism as a factor of Political Radicalism from African context

Keywords: Terrorism, Islamic terrorism, religious violence, diplomacy, Niger Delta militancy

Corresponding Author: Christopher Obiukwu: Tel. +234833506563;

Email Address: chrisobiukwu@yahoo.com

Received: 28:4:2024; Accepted: 4:5:2024; Published: 30:05:2024

ABSTRACT

While modern observers of space had raised arguments on the nature of divides in the discipline of Geography using its philosophies, methods or both as indices, variations exist based on the training that learners received in different across places and time. This study evaluates the influence of gender divides in the teaching and learning of geography courses in Alvan Ikoku community with a view to ascertaining whether it is induced by politic or the nature of discipline. The three specific objectives that guided this study are to (1) evaluate students’ perceptions of the existing pedagogies in Geography; (2) determine whether gender divides influence the teaching and learning of Geography; and (3) ascertain whether disparities in students’ attitudes toward Geography negatively influence the teaching and learning processes. A total sampled size of 90 students offering geography or environment-related course were purposefully selected from the Faculty of Social Sciences. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed both descriptively and inferentially. The results reveal disparities in gender composition, with females comprising a total proportion of 70 percent while male constitute the residual 30 percent in the series. The staff composition and quality were identified as most focal motivating factor to students’ interest in the teaching and learning of Geography courses. Furthermore, the respondents’ perception and responsiveness to geographical pedagogies vary within and between gender due the nature of the discipline, but devoid of politic, or victimization. Also, the divided nature of Geography offers a captivating avenue for respondents to make their career. Finally, variations in respondents’ attitudes toward the discipline affect sustainability in teaching and learning, given the state-of-art laboratories and technologies available for users. This study recommends for increase capacity building and supply of more modern laboratory equipment to boost the stakeholders’ performances in this anthropocene age.

Keywords: Gender, pedagogy, responsiveness, geography, politic, education.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Ikpong Sunday Umo: ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-6889;

Tel: +2348037565958: Emails: umohikpong@yahoo.com & umo.ikpong@alvanikoku.edu.ng

Received: 27:7:2024; Revised: 7:9:2024; Accepted: 2:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Land use/ land cover changes due to increasing mining activities in Ishiagu Ivo area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria were examined between the period, 2007 and 2022. Over the years changes in land use/land cover have been evidence, although slow. However, with increasing economic awareness of solid mineral resources in the area, changes on the landscape have rather become of great concern. Landsat imagery from 2007-2022 at a five year interval were obtained from the LANDSAT of the US Geological Survey (USGS) and Earth Observation database. Land use classification through remote sensing data was done to identify and classify the different land use types-urban, agricultural and forested areas while land cover changes were examined under vegetation, water bodies and bare soil. Results show that changes are evident in time and space as agricultural land had a reduction of 15 percent of the total area due to conversion to mining sites. Forested areas showed a -50 percent change due forest clearance for further development while built-up had a combined increase of 23 percent within the period. Water bodies had a -3% negative reduction showing shrinkage. The absence of a regulatory body to oversee the level of degradation on the landscape through mining activities worsens the situation while recommendations were made to incorporate rural and urban planning into environmental monitoring standards in order to manage the landscape better for posterity.

Keywords; land use, land cover, mining, remotes sensing, GIS, change.

Corresponding Author

E. Ejenma: Email: eyinnaya@gmail.com TEL: +2347035309059

Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 28:9:2024; Accepted: 1:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Although the conditions of hostels in academic institutions influence students’ academic activities and overall performances, place-centered researches are rather eclipsed. This study investigates the perception and responsiveness to hostel conditions for sustainable students’ academic performance in Ugbowo Campos, Edo State. The specific objectives are to (1) determine the tenancy and academic levels of students in the hostels. (2) Evaluate the perception and reactions to hotel-induced drivers of academic performance. (3) Evaluate the perception and reactions. A grand total population of 4,886 female students was derived using census while a sampled size of 250 respondents was obtained using the Krejcie and Morgan Table, draw from five hostels. Data on level of perceptions were generated using a five-point Likert scale item while responsiveness was assess using oral interview. The analyses were carried out using graphs and percentages. The results on respondents’ compositions reveal the dominance of 100 level expressing 32.4 percent. Historical records of students’ academic performance show the dominance of those with second-class upper accounting for 52.4 Percent, followed by second-class lower with 29.6 percent. In context of hostels’ conditions the results reveal that Keystone hostel possesses the best basic facilities and cleanliness, each constituting 70.6 percent and lighting condition attracting 58. percent), while Hall 1 and Hall 3 offer the more reliable options with respect to proximity class. Further assessments reveal that Hall 1 and Hall 3 possess very poor ventilation and noise conditions, yet students’ responsiveness to ameliorate the adverse conditions were relatively low. This study recommends for immediate government-management partnership to fund renovate and provision of state-of-the-arts facilities in the study area to improve students’ living conditions and enhance their overall academic activities and performance.

Corresponding Author

Ehiane OTABOR-OLUBOR: Email: ehiane.otabor-olubor@uniben.edu

ABSTRACT

The problem of low tax generation, unavailability of tax statistics and poor record keeping, complex of payment as well as high cost of tax compliance and corruption is really affecting the Nigerian Government Revenue Generation, causing lack of funds for economic growth. Digital taxation and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria were examined as the possible solution. Ex-post facto research design was used in the study. Secondary data were used as obtained from Federal Inland Revenue Service Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics from 2017 – 2023 following the commencement of taxation of digital economy in 2017. The data were reviewed, extracted and computed for the required data. One sample t-test statistic and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Findings indicated that e-tax payments and digital economy taxes have significant influence on sustainable economic growth in Nigeria for the period under study. It was concluded that Digital Taxation (e-tax payments and digital economy taxes) is key to sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. It was recommended among others that FIRS and other tax administrators in Nigeria should partner with multidisciplinary expertise to ensure that this new multi-stakeholder initiative digitalisation is fully implemented to helping Nigeria and other African countries to create better tax systems through innovative technologies; and all tax administrators in Nigeria should holistically review and reform its tax policies to ensure its tax base fully reflects the scale of transactions and profits generated from taxpayers.

Keywords: Digital taxation, e-tax payments, digital economy taxes, sustainable economic growth.

Corresponding Author

Ekubiat John UDO: Telephone Number: +234-8061271935

Email: ekubiat.udo@akwaibompoly.edu.ng, ekujohnn79@gmail.com

Received: 17:7:2024; Revised: 27:9:2024; Accepted: 2:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The focus of this paper is on food security as panacea for socio – economic development in Nigeria in the 21st century. Over the years, efforts put in place by the Nigerian state in ensuring food security for socio – economic development has remained grossly inadequate. The hunger that results from food insufficiency or insecurity to the generality of the populace has impacted negatively on socio economic development of Nigeria. Food crisis in Nigeria is noted to have resulted from several factors. Methodologically, materials for the study were generated through the secondary method, whereas the content method was adopted in the analysis. Thomas Robert Malthus theory of population was adopted as theoretical framework. The study revealed that poor or inadequate attention to the agricultural sector as well as poor budgetary allocation into the sector by the various levels of government has exacerbated the level of hunger in the land. The study recommends increased budgetary allocation into the agricultural sector, mechanization of agriculture and provision of farm inputs to genuine farmers. In conclusion, the federal government and other relevant stake holders should not relent in addressing the challenge of insecurity in the food producing states or areas in Nigeria.

Keywords: Food, security, socio- economic, Agriculture, farming.

Corresponding Author

Cyprian C. ALOZIE : Telephone Number: 08036279939

Email: aloziechimdi@gmail.com /cyprian.alozie@abiastateuniversity.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

The Nigerian economy is rentier-based, which has encouraged systemic economic corruption to an unprecedented degree and hampered efforts to grow the country's economy. At least 75% of Nigeria's GDP comes from the export of crude oil, making it a significant source of foreign exchange earnings (GDP). Despite the growing interest in corruption, the term's general definitions in the literature are typically too vague to identify its precise manifestation in specific industries. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the literature on oil and economic corruption in Nigeria is done in this paper. It also presents literature-based proof of the heinous economic corruption that is destroying Nigeria's oil industry. The study concludes categorically that corruption plays a significant role in Nigeria's widespread poverty and slow economic growth after examining a number of factors. This study uses the qualitative method of data collection and analysis along with content analysis to provide guidance for the entire research process. The paper advocates, among other things, for expeditious legislation from the federal government and the industry leadership to enable the oil industry and its associated businesses to significantly curtail corrupt practices.

Keywords: Corruption, Economic growth, Industry, Implication, Nigeria and oil.

Corresponding Author

Ikechukwu A, ODUM , Email: lioniyke24@gmail.com, Telephone: 08062991227

Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 7:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study focused on the linkage between dividend payments on firm value of selected sample firms listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. The objective of the study was to ascertain the impact of dividend payment policy on the value of the firm. Our result showed that dividend payment is positively related to firm value in our sample. The estimated model showed that a percentage increase in dividend payment causes 95 percent rise in firm value. Similarly, the estimated coefficient of profitability shows that firm value rises by 46 percent for a percentage increase in profit and a percentage increase in firm size will lead to about 7 percent increase in firm value. We therefore recommend that firm managers should select profitable projects in order to sustain dividend payment to stockholders. This will in turn engender favorable investor valuation of the firm.

Keywords: Firm value, dividend policy, panel regression

Corresponding Author

Chinedu A. NWOSU: Telephone Number: +2348036221987

Email Address: chinedunwosu2002@gmail.com

Received: 13:7:2024; Revised: 26:9:2024; Accepted: 15:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT The study examined the lasting imprints and legacies of Machiavellian political treatise on Realist theory of international politics. Three themes were set out for examination to: assess the background to Machiavelli's political thought; the main themes of Machiavelli's political thought and its criticisms and the extent it has made lasting imprints and legacies on the Realism in international politics. Anchored on the theory of Social Constructivism, the study adopted the historical-analytical design utilizing the qualitative method which relied on secondary sources of data collection and analysis including scholarly textbooks, journal articles, working papers, institutional seminar and lecture materials, YouTube and other internet sources. Findings show among others that the background influence of Machiavelli‘s political treatise were the Renaissance, instability and struggle for power, foreign invasion, experience from his diplomatic/civil service career and historical scholarship. Moreso, the main themes of Machiavelli‘s treatise were; preference for pragmatism over idealism, power politics, cynical human nature, preference for virtù over fortune and moralism. Furthermore, Machiavelli‘s influence/contributions to Realist theory among others are: pragmatism and adaptability, strategic decision-making and crisis management, deepening scholarship in political realism, maximization of state power dynamics and rational pursuit of state‘s interests over moralism, security and survival of state. There is therefore, need for further research on Machiavelli's treatise to deepen understanding and refine its applications in contemporary world. Keywords: Legacies, imprints, political treatise, realist theory, international politics.

Corresponding Author Ambrose. O. ABANEME: Telephone Number: 07038446430

Email Addresses: ambrose.abaneme@alvanikoku.edu.ng, abavanah@gmail.com

Received: 30:7:2024; Revised: 20:9:2024; Accepted: 20:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study examined the Effect of Computer Assisted Language Teaching syllabic pattern Performance in senior secondary school Students (SS II) in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study had one research objective which is; to find out the effect of computer assisted language teaching on syllabic pattern performance of senoir secondary school students in Kaduna. One research question was generated such as what is the difference between the performance of students taught English syllabic pattern using Computer Assisted language teaching and those taught without the CALT? This study is built on a null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the performances scores of students taught English syllabic pattern using computer assisted language teaching and those taught without the CALT. The study adopted quasi experimental design. The population of the study was 2,949 senior secondary school students from public secondary schools in Kaduna, which was the area of the study. The sample used for the study was 59 senior secondary school II students in two intact classes from the randomly selected school. The experimental group had 30 students while the control group had 29 students. Data were collected using the Syllabic Pattern Performance Test (SPPT). The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and one way (ANOVA). The major findings from the study revealed that there is significance difference in the performance scores of the students taught using computer assisted language teaching in English syllabic pattern, and those taught with Conventional Classroom teaching method. Based on the findings emanating from this study it was recommended that CALT should be integrated in classroom activities for teaching syllabic structure. The study was been able to establish the effect of Computer Assisted Language Teaching on syllabic phonemic performance in Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Keywords: Computer-assisted, CALT language, syllabic pattern, performance, school.

Corresponding Author

Yusuf Sadau SALEH: Telephone Number: +2348034253931

Email: Ysaleh66@gmail.com; yusuf.saleh@fulokoja.edu.ng

Received: 25:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Fundamentally speaking, impeachment is a constitutional procedure that enhances democracy and good governance, when it is applied appropriately. However, the spate of politically ill-motivated impeachments of Deputy Governors has become a threat not only to democracy, but, also to Nation-building. The broad objective of this study is to examine incessant and recurring impeachment of Deputy Governors and its implications to Democratic consolidation in Nigeria. Extant Literature was reviewed conceptually, theoretically, and empirically. The study extracted the basics prepositions of the Elite theory in the interrogation of the problematic. Methodologically, the qualitative historical descriptive research with documentary secondary sources of data was explored to carry out the study. Equally, Content analysis of inductive and deductive logical reasoning was fully utilized to systematically analyze the data. The findings showed that most of the impeachments of the Deputy Governors occurred due to political power tussles, party supremacy, personal loyalty, rather than actual misconduct or wrong doing. The study observed that these impeachments undermined Democratic Institution, Rule of law and the principles of separation of power, create political uncertainty, suppress oppositions, weakens legitimacy of Government, undermined unity and cohesion and indeed hinders development. The study recommends a holistic approach that will involve political reform, institutional strengthening and adherence to democratic principles that will enhance stability and consolidation.

Keywords: Deputy governors, democratic consolidation, impeachment, gross misconduct, constitution.

Corresponding Author

Ebiziem. J. Ebeziem: Telephone Number: +2348068162052

Email:

mbanoguesthouse@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) is the most frontal social movement in the renegotiation of the status/existence of the Igbos in the geo-political entity called Nigeria. Increased volatility in the Southeast region of Nigeria in recent time has sparked off debate on the modus operandi of the IPOB social movement. Relying on qualitative research, the study interrogated the nexus between state repression and radicalization of IPOB social movement. Findings revealed that the repressive actions of the government of Nigeria evident in torture, harassment, unlawful arrest, detention without trial, extra-judicial killing of IPOB members were responsible for the eventual transition of the group from a pacifist to a radical social movement. The study hence recommended among others that the government should not only address the fundamental variables that animated the IPOB movement but also display the highest level of professionalism in handling the IPOB members.

Key Words: State Repression, Radicalization, Social Movement, Indigenous people, Biafra,

Corresponding Author

Christopher, I. OBIUKWU: Telephone Number Phone: +2348033506563

Email: chrisobikwu@yahoo.com

Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 21:9:2024; Accepted: 2:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the challenges militating against political parties in Nigeria’s democratic governance from 1999 to 2024. Perpetration of electoral violence by desperate political parties, frequent defecting, high cost of nomination forms, security threats and others have been examined in this paper. Adopting system theory propounded by David Easton, Gabriel Almond and Von Bentallafy, the study uses the qualitative method of research, relying exclusively on secondary source of data. The secondary source of data which were gathered and summarized include newspapers, textbooks, magazines and journals. The study reveals that there has been a steady decline in voters’ turnout in Nigeria’s presidential elections in the fourth republic due to the problems of political parties. Electoral violence causes political apathy among some voters, high cost of nomination forms prevents some youths and women from contesting elective positions, intra-party crises and frequent defecting of politicians disorganize political parties and lead to inconsistency in policy implementation among political parties. Security threats have led to the death of some citizens and also retard economic and political developments. This study has therefore made a number of recommendations including, that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) should monitor the activities of political parties. The National Assembly of Nigeria should come up with Laws that can effectively address the problems militating against Political Parties. Political Parties, Candidates and Voters should adhere strictly to the laws, rules and regulations guiding the proper conduct of elections in Nigerian democracy.

Keywords: Voters, political parties, national assembly, electoral violence and democracy

Corresponding Author:

Sunday Chukwuemeka OGU, Email: dr.ogusunday@yahoo.com

Received: 21:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 1:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Innovative library space, is instrumental to the success of an academic pursuit in every institution of higher learning. Hence the call for counseling students on positive study habit in their academic pursuit. Innovative library is important for information gathering and knowledge building for both the teacher and the learner. The demand for information, research findings and technological breakthrough is very crucial hence the importance of creating innovative library spaces. The Library should be stocked with current books and journals as well as a digital section for reading and research. The innovative library space should situate in a conducive environment. Since knowledge is strength, the researcher recommends that Government and individuals should encourage library for all by donating local and foreign books and computers for reading and research purposes. Client centered therapy is recommended for counselors to be used in the creation of awareness and for the student’s personal growth.

Keyword: Innovative Library, Space, Guidance, counseling, standard.

Corresponding Author

Obianuju C. IWUANYANWU: Telephone Number: +2348132894313

Email: ujuwuanyanwu2013@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Federalism is a system of governance that allows multiple political parties to coexist and take part in state governance. This is noteworthy because a lot of social and racial groups want to keep individuals apart. Some claim that the 1999 amendments to Nigerian law promote a rentier political culture and economy in which "unequals" and "equals" exchange resources. There are groups within Nigeria's federal government that want to stay in the center and factions who want to move out. This looks to have seriously undermined the state apparatus. The riots and ethnic unrest that have engulfed much of the northeast and southeast are evidence of the unfairness of the federal system. This study attempts to understand how Nigerian federalism, federal character, power dynamics, and resource control affect the political and economic lives of the Igbo people in the southeast of the country. It is based on a critical analysis of these factors. The qualitative approach is used for data collection and analysis because it considers both the past and the present. The entire study process is guided by the theoretical concept of dialectic materialism. The findings and recommendations demonstrate that Igbos have experienced severe marginalization within Nigeria's political system ever since the civil war ended in 1970. This is the outcome of the racism and sense of pride in national identity of other important Nigerian groups. Examples of federal hiring practices for civil servants, public relations strategies, top federal agency and parastatal leadership structures, military intelligence operations, and decision-making processes are provided by the previously mentioned material. The results also demonstrate how despised they are by influential Igbo people in Nigerian government. Igbo political leaders in Nigeria have so far had trouble showcasing their exceptional charm and creativity. Among other things, the leaders of the Igbo people advise them to avoid dangerous intragroup rivalry and to stop making assumptions about one another based on differences in wealth and intelligence.

Keywords: Critical assessment, federalism, Igbo, political marginalization, South East

Corresponding Author:

Ikechukwu A. ODUM: Telephone Number: 08062991227

Email Address: dr.ogusunday@yahoo.com

Received: 15:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Abstract

The concept of God in Igbo Ontology is examined along the lines of the philosophical and metaphysical interpretations of God in Igbo world view. Ideally, traditional Igbo society recognizes and worships a multitude of spirits. Nevertheless, the Igbo recognize and acknowledge the existence of a Supreme or Ultimate being who superintends over the affairs of all mankind. The study adopts two principal methods of inquiry; hermeneutics which aids in revealing all the hidden backgrounds of all Igbo metaphysical, cosmological and eschatological assumptions; and meta-empirical which is a rational logical reasoning process in which Igbo world view is subjected to systematic philosophical scrutiny. The study concludes that with the attendant venture into Igbo ontology and man‟s role in philosophical interpretations, the Igbo can now compare favourably with the philosophies of various western thinkers like; Plato, Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas on the metaphysical place of God in human history. The paper recommends the establishment of the Department of African Philosophy distinct from the Department of Philosophy where the various ontological concepts of God in the African context will be studied.

Keywords; God, Igbo, ontology, hermeneutics, philosophy, knowledge

Corresponding Author

Anyim Benjamin ANYIM; Email: ben.anyim@yahoo.com

Received: 13:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The study focused on the relationship between capital structure and firm value among selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Earlier studies found mixed results on the nature of the relationship between capital structure and firm value. This study utilized panel data collected from 26 sampled firms covering the period between 2016 and 2020. We estimated a Pooled Ordinary Least Square and Fixed Effect Model panel regression. Our result indicates that there is a negative relationship between firm value and capital structure among Nigerian firms. We therefore accept the hypothesis that capital structure is negatively related to firm value. We conclude that maintaining optimum levels of debt and equity is a relevant consideration to avoid the vagaries of the market towards the assessment of firms worth and investment potentials among the Nigerian manufacturing firms.

Keywords: interrelations, capital structure, firm value, variables, panel regression

Corresponding Author

Chinedu A. NWOSU: Telephone Number: +2348036221987

Email: chinedunwosu2002@gmail.com

Received: 7:7:2024; Revised: 21:9:2024; Accepted: 6:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

In the complex business terrain of Imo State, Nigeria, the sustainability of oil lubricant companies has become a critical imperative. The study looked at the effect of team creativity on the sustainability of oil lubricant companies in Imo state. Imo State's business environment is characterized by numerous challenges like regulatory complexities, environmental and concerns. The study also x-rayed the effect of leadership and organizational culture in fostering team creativity. The study was anchored on Resource-Based View (RBV), and Belbin’s Team Theory and that emphasized a significance of valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources and capabilities for competitive advantage. The study concluded that promoting team creativity can help oil lubricant companies overcome these challenges and thrive in a dynamic business environment. The findings highlight that team creativity plays a crucial role in enhancing customer experiences, driving innovation, problem-solving and addressing environmental and social responsibilities. Recommendations made by the researchers among others were to create cross-functional teams that bring together individuals with diverse skills and perspectives. These teams can collaboratively tackle complex challenges, adapt to changing circumstances, and develop innovative solutions; Oil lubricant companies should continuously examine training and development programmes in order to determine its efficacy in the learning outcomes of employees.

Keywords: Imo State, oil lubricant companies, team creativity, sustainability

Corresponding Author

Ogwuche Gabriel SHAIBU: Email: gabbyacademia123@gmail.com TEL: +2348065715075

Received: 25:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Insecurity in Nigeria has been a problematic issue that needs immediate solution to avert depopulation as many psychologically affected are moving out of the country to reside in alien countries for safety purpose. For this reason, Nigeria is drastically experiencing brain drain in medicine, education and other fields thereby equipping alien countries with the best brains who would have moved Nigeria to greater heights. The rate at which people are kidnapped, killed has become unbearable. With these ugly trends, Nigerians have thought it wise to take refuge in alien states and subsequently make a living in those countries. Therefore, the rate of migration is on a very high side. Not only that Nigerians are migrating to other countries, they are also moving to states in Nigeria where the tension is minimal or non-existent unlike their own states to seek refuge and as a result are referred to as internally displaced persons. The government left alone cannot wholly address the problem of insecurity, the religious bodies are as well need to make moves towards curbing this issue. The writers invented two approaches that would help the religious bodies to fight this incessant case of insecurity in Nigeria. These approaches are the regenerative approach which requires the religious bodies to instill the Word of God in these individuals that have bent in committing all sorts of crimes that have severed the peace in the country. The second approach which is the engagement approach expects the religious bodies to engage these individuals in meaningful means of livelihood that will make them forget their past lives because it is obvious that majority of those who indulge in kidnapping, terrorism, armed robbery, killing and militancy are the jobless youths who would have been better citizens if gainfully employed or engaged in lucrative businesses. It is recommended among others that the religious bodies should endeavour to intensify their preaching to save more souls that have gone astray. The government should live up to expectation through good governance. The historical method is employed to trace the origin of insecurity in Nigeria, while the psychological method is used to explain the psychological impact of insecurity on Nigerians

Keywords: Psychological, insecurity, exodus, alien, religious.

Corresponding Author

Atracta Adaeze NZEH: Telephone Number: 08064260591; Email: atraco_2006@yahoo.com

Received: 17:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The establishment of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in 2003 has offered a boost to the fight against corruption in Nigeria. However, the efforts of EFCC have remained far-fetched as corruption continues unabated. Thus, it appears from a cursory look that the anti-graft agency is yet to reduce the scourge of corruption in the public sector. It is the intention of this research to examine the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the War against Corruption in Nigeria, 2003-2019. Against this backdrop, the grand inquiry is: Has the efforts of the EFCC led to a significant reduction of corruption in the political domain in Nigeria? The study reviewed extractive corruption theory and Marxist theory of postcolonial states as theoretical compass and relied on qualitative secondary sources of data. It used an ex-post facto research design, and the data collected were analysed using the qualitative descriptive method. The study found that efforts of the EFCC have not led to a significant reduction of corruption in political domains in Nigeria. It therefore recommends further reinforcing of EFCC along the lines of improved coordination and broadening the frontiers in the war against corruption, as well as pre- and post-public declaration of verifiable assets by political office holders before assumption of duty.

Keywords: Accountability, corruption, EFCC, management, transparency.

Corresponding Author

Cornel Chinedu U. UDUMAGA: Telephone Number: 07035214994

Email Address: uzudinmac@gmail.com

Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

In spite of over two decades of Nigeria uninterrupted democratic experiments, the nation’s political process are still wobbling in uncertainties. It is in a state of comatose, Sinicism, political treachery, violence electoral manipulations and conflict, intolerance, blackmailing, hate speeches cession treats, and bickering, have become the order of the day. The much desired and expected transparency, fairness credible leadership, good governance and democratic consolidations have remained elusive. This means that the various political, ethnic, religious groups within the country have not be well integrated, hence the perforce of civic education. It is the belief of this paper that civic education could turn the table around if given adequate attention it deserve. The study thus examined the impact of civil education in fostering credible leadership to enhance good governance in Nigerian. The paper adopted the quantitative and descriptive design approach with heavy reliance on secondary sources of data. The paper applied the socio-psychological theory as framework of analysis and content analysis procedures to reveal that civic education has significant influence in the enthronement of credible leaders that enhances good governance in the country. There is however inadequate attention given to civic education which results in negativity in emergence of credible leadership and good governance in the country. The study therefore recommends the need to improve on the provision of effective civic education in order to enthrone credible leaders and good governance that will enhance economic growth and development of the country among others.

Keywords: Civic, education, credible, leadership, good governance

Corresponding Author

Sunday Ekere AKOR: Telephone Number: 07030936374

Email Address: akorekere@gmail.com:

Received: 15:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 4:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The study establishes the links between Cuban Missile Crisis, Détente and increased deployment of negotiations in resolution of international crisis in the contemporary international system. Adopting qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, which relies on secondary sources such as scholarly texts, journal articles, working papers, official websites, and newspapers that were content-analyzed, the study hinged its theoretical anchorage on Realism. The study revealed that the Cuban Missile impasse exposed the myth of deployment of nuclear weapons capability to assume a superiority status and overwhelming dominance by either of the superpowers - the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and its aftermath, given the fact that its usage in conflict situation would result to mutual assured destruction (MAD). More so, as the two superpowers were pushed to the brink of a nuclear war, the tactful diplomatic approach with which they managed and resolved the crisis precipitated the détente and peaceful cooperation which became the hallmark and the new normal during and after the Cold War. Ultimately, the Cuban Missile crises portend some lessons and legacies that are beyond Detente: It establishes the fact that tactful cooperation, collaboration, rapprochement, strategic bilateral cum multilateral agreements such as Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, Nonproliferation Treaty, Antiballistic Missile Treaty, rather than recourse to hard power, could tame the destructive inclinations of both superpowers and other emerging nuclear powers.

Keywords: Cuban Missile Crisis, Détente, Negotiation, Resolution, International Crisis.

Corresponding Author

Johnson. O. NDUBUISI: Telephone Number: 08034621714

Email Address: ndujohson4ng@yahoo.com

Received: 12:7:2024; Revised: 28:9:2024; Accepted: 1:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study addressed the leadership styles of the Tarsus-born Jew Known as the Apostle Paul. The leadership styles of his were looked at as three eras were studied vis. the era of the early church which spans through the infant church in Jerusalem to the epistolary times of the apostle (i.e., AD 34-68). His leadership influence on the church in the Middle Ages which according to this study spanned from the immediate disciples of the Church Fathers to the 18th century, and the modern leadership trends which this researcher added given Paul‟s leadership dexterity and trait. To accomplish this, the author used the secondary data means to generate materials that aided him to access such materials which acquainted him with the facts with which this work was done. In all the segments of the study, the modern man, in strong terms, is advised to adopt the various models discussed in the course of the work as needs demand.

Keywords: Leadership styles, Pauline Corpus, model, eras, modern man

Corresponding Author

Chibuzo I. NWANGUMA: Telephone Number: +234808037211963:

Email Address: chibuzonwanguma@gmail.com

Received: 18:6:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of social work interventions on child abuse in Egor Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria, focusing on community perceptions, effectiveness, and the challenges faced by social workers. Despite the critical role of social workers in preventing child abuse, neglect, and exploitation, these issues persist, affecting children’s mental and emotional well-being. Data were collected from 400 adults using a self-constructed questionnaire and analyzed through Ecological Systems Theory and Social Work Systems Theory. Findings show that social work interventions are generally viewed positively, with successful community engagement and increased awareness. However, challenges like logistical barriers; resource limitations, underfunding, and community resistance hinder effectiveness. Recommendations include boosting financial support, implementing community education programs, and expanding training to equip social workers for complex cases. Better communication and consistent information dissemination are essential for strengthening community support and understanding. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the sustainable implementation of child abuse intervention programs in Egor Local Government Area.

Keywords: Social work, interventions, child abuse, ecological system theory, Egor.

Corresponding Author

Helen Ehi. EWEKA: Email: helen.eweka@uniben.edu

ABSTRACT

The generation of employment opportunities through entrepreneurship which brings about economic growth and development cannot be overemphasized. Evidence showed that in 2008, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) sector provided an average of 50 percent of Nigeria’s employment and 50 percent of industrial output. Currently, entrepreneurship development houses about 63 percent of the labour force indicating and increase, while about 35.7 percent of total sales and value added in the manufacturing sector comes from the entrepreneurship development which indicated a decrease. The contention remains if small and medium enterprises (SMEs) significantly enhanced economic growth. The objective of this study therefore is to assess the role of entrepreneurship development in promoting economic growth of Kano state. To achieve this, this study employed the chi-square method to analyze the primary data obtained through the administration of well-structured questionnaire. Our findings indicate that entrepreneurship development is in part responsible for the generation of employments opportunities and promoting economic growth in Kano state. Thus, the government and other stakeholders are advised to join hands together to add more effort in promoting the course of entrepreneurship development in the state as a way to combat the menace of unemployment in the country.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, unemployment, economic growth, population, labour force

Corresponding Author

Udi JOSHUA: ORCID – 0000-0002-7862-0547

Email: udi.joshua@fulokoja.edu.ng

Received: 27:7:2024; Revised: 20:9:2024; Accepted: 3:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Education throughout the ages of human society has been held to esteem as dependable mechanism of transformation of persons and society for healthy living. The atmosphere where education processes take place ought to be conducive for meaningful teaching and learning to be realistic. This poses challenge to relevant education change agents. Hence, this paper focused on teacher effective classroom management intended to realize quality education and sustainable development in developing nation with focus on Nigeria. The researcher adopted qualitative method of analysis which permitted collection of relevant data from secondary sources. The paper revealed among other impediments to teacher effective classroom management for quality education delivery and sustainable development thus: poor government funding of education, teachers’ intellectual incompetency, poor leadership style among teachers, and inadequate parental support of teachers in character molding of the students. It made some critical suggestions to aid teacher effective classroom management. The paper concluded that teacher effective classroom management requires collaborative and proactive efforts of Parents, teachers, school managers and Government, where Government plays the leadership role in providing adequate fund in particular for education.

Keywords: Teacher, classroom, management, education, sustainable development.

Corresponding Author

Charles Chidi EKEADA|: Telephone Number: 08064433070;

Email Address: ekeadacharles@gmail.com

Received: 16:7:2024; Revised: 25:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

Abstract

This study examines the impact of financial planning on procurement efficiency in selected organizations across multiple sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, and the public sector. The research highlights the integration of budgeting, financial planning, and procurement strategies to optimize resource allocation, control costs, and enhance supplier relationships. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, structured surveys and questionnaires were distributed to procurement professionals to gather insights into financial practices such as formal budgeting, the use of financial tools, and zero-based budgeting (ZBB). The findings reveal a strong correlation between financial planning and procurement efficiency, with zero-based budgeting (ZBB) playing a critical role in strategic procurement decision-making. Based on these findings, the study offers practical recommendations, including the adoption of ZBB to improve cost control, leveraging financial planning tools such as ERP systems for better procurement management, fostering cross-functional collaboration between finance and procurement teams, and regularly reviewing procurement budgets to adapt to market conditions. These recommendations aim to enhance procurement efficiency, cost savings, and resource utilization across both public and private sectors, contributing to long-term financial stability and improved procurement outcomes.

.Keywords: financial planning, procurement efficiency, zero-based budgeting, resource allocation, budgeting strategies

.

Corresponding Author

M.I. NMECHA: Email Address: michael.nmecha@futo.edu.ng

Received: 20:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 14:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Exploring the urban heat islands (UHIs) in Owerri West, Nigeria, this study delves into the influence of impermeable surfaces like concrete and asphalt on local temperature dynamics. Temperature and wind speed data were gathered over five days at specific locations, including vegetables, raw soil, cement, and asphalt surfaces, at various times. The findings indicate a significant temperature increase on impervious surfaces, particularly noticeable during the late afternoon compared to other surface types. Utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), this study explores the correlation between temperature and wind speed, uncovering important patterns and variations in the data. This research underscores the critical role of sustainable urban planning by advocating for the integration of green spaces and high-albedo materials to effectively counter the adverse effects of urban heat islands, aligning with broader environmental sustainability objectives. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of the UHI in developing countries and inform urban planning and environmental management practices.

Keywords: Urban heat island, impermeable surface, land surface temperature, sustainable urban planning, albedo, surface reflection.

Corresponding Author

M.I. Nmecha: Email Address: michael.nmecha@futo.edu.ng

Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 10:12:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study examined the Nigeria security agencies on election duties, the political participation of the electorate and the challenges of democracy in Nigeria. The 2023 general election was particularly reassessed with special reference to Imo State Nigeria. Problems such as insecurity during electioneering activities and perceived nefarious connections and unholy practices by the security agencies with state and non - state agencies led to this study. The purpose of the study was to reexamine the role of security agencies in electoral participation in the 2023 general election and to determine the measures to enhancing the performances of security agencies towards effective electoral process in Nigeria and Imo-State in particular. The study employed descriptive design and documentary method of data collection which relied majorly on secondary sources of data. The findings revealed that the state of national security influenced electoral participation in 2023 general election in Imo-State. It therefore recommends among others that security agencies should be strengthen to perform their constitutional duties without being induced by candidates, political parties and government.

Keywords: Security agents, election duty, political participation, democracy, general election

Corresponding Author

Jude Onyekachi ONWUANIBE: Telephone Number: 08033285210

Email Address: onyekachi_jude@yahoo.com

Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 7:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study finds expression on the impact of leadership, corruption and social – economic development on Nigerian political structure. The study focused on the critical issues that plagued Nigerian Socio economic development placing a critical focus on the leadership styles as a major parameter and factor to which every developmental height of a nation revolves. Like twins, leadership and corruption have become intertwined & institutionalized such that one can no longer go without the other and this has greatly affected the socio – economic development level of the nation. This paper examined the challenges confronting leadership in Nigeria and its consequential implications on the socio-economic development. The study adopted the qualitative research method of data collection and analysis. It is the prebandal theory that provided the theoretical and conceptual foundation of this study. Interrogating the previous scholarly attempts on leadership and corrupt practice with a view to draw some lessons that may be useful to the present problem, the study revealed that corruption which is always at the helm of affairs and bone marrows of politicians and political office holders is one of the major factors that causes a pseudo-leadership which in turn affects socio – economic development of the nation negatively. Based on the above, this study recommends amongst others that for leadership corruption to be addressed in Nigeria, the anti-corruption fight must be guided by legislative framework for transparent and accountable government. This will help to give the anti-graft agencies the constitutional and political will and commitment to fight corruption with a strategy that is systematic and transparent.

Keywords: Corruption, democracy, economy, development, leadership.

Corresponding Author:

Joy SUCCESS-IKPE: Email ADDRESS: jikpe2005@gmail.com Phone: 08030913186

Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 10:12:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The impending brain drain poses a significant threat to schools, organizations and agencies worldwide, with talented employees seeking greener pastures. This study investigates the crucial role of job motivation and satisfaction in retaining top talent. The study reveals that autonomy, growth opportunities and meaningful work are key drivers of motivation and satisfaction. There is also a significant correlation or relationship between high level of motivation and satisfaction and turnover intentions among employees. The work adopted Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of 1959 as the theory for the work. Quantitative method such as textbooks, journals, internet materials, and so on was adopted in the work. The findings of this study reveals that intrinsic motivation, job autonomy and opportunities for growth and development, career advancement opportunities, lack of challenges, poor leadership, limited career advancement opportunities, lack of challenges and poor leadership underscore the importance of prioritizing employee engagement and well-being and reduced turnover intentions. By implementing these, strategies that foster a supportive working environment, schools, organizations and agencies can unlock employee’s potentials and stem the tide of talent attrition and foster a sustainable workforce, by doing so, schools, agencies and organization can mitigate the impending brain drain, enhance productivity and secure or retain their competitive advantages.

Keywords: Job motivation, job satisfaction, impending brain drain, secondary education.

Corresponding Author

Ngozi C. OGBUEHI: Email Address: ngoziogbuehi2017@gmail.com

Telephone Number: 08063785937

Received: 18:6:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The 2023 general elections in Nigeria and all the political shenanigans that followed cast aspersions on the political leadership of Nigeria as well as the independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The results of the elections discredited in no small measure the leadership credibility of the electoral commission. Nigerians have never had such a rule with a shock at a wakeup in its history of elections in such as the one they had during the time when results of the 2023 general election were declared. The taste of true liberal democracy was washed away by the outcome of the 2023 general elections and this promoted a question on democracy by good spirited Nigerians. This paper is an investigatory analysis of problems of the political leadership pattern in Nigeria, the implication on socio-economic status till date, and the prospects of democratic consolidation, hinging on the lessons gathered from the 2023 general elections. The paper will also examine the elements of democracy and at the same time ascertain the parameters for successful institutionalization of democracy in Nigeria. The paper therefore concludes that upholding the sacredness of humanity is the condicio sine qua non for institutionalizing liberal democracy in any State, Nigeria, inclusive. The paper also recommends among other things that for Nigeria to be free from pseudo-leadership there must be reverential acknowledgement and promotion of the happiness of the greatest member of citizens by the political class as well as the constitution.

Keywords: Democratic consolidation, Socio-economic, General election and Nigeria.

Corresponding Author

Godfavour Olayemi BABATUNDE: Email Address: babatundegodfavour@gmail.com, Telephone Number: 07031631898

Received: 21:6:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study looked into how the national minimum wage affected people through the development of industrial output in Nigeria. In order to achieve the study's objectives, the study implemented a Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) estimation technique, which was informed by a comprehensive review of both theoretical and empirical literature. The analysis utilized time series data on national minimum wage, industrial output, inflation rate, M2, and gross private domestic investment from 1981 to 2022. The findings from the estimated DOLS model revealed that the coefficient of the national minimum wage exhibited a negative correlation with industrial output in Nigeria during the reviewed period, at a 5 percent level of significance. Conversely, the inflation rate demonstrated a positive and significant impact on industrial output growth in Nigeria, whereas broad money supply showed a negative association with industrial output growth in Nigeria, also at a 5 percent level of significance. Among others, the study recommended that the government should lower industrial taxes, remove obstacles to business registration, boost private sector financing, and provide essential industrial inputs like electricity and energy to spur domestic private investment in Nigeria.

Keywords: Minimum wage, industrial output growth, money supply, inflation rate.

Corresponding Author

Justin. C. Alugbo: Email Address: jc.alugbuo@mouau.edu.ng

Received: 28:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 12:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Nigeria's democrats regrettably thrive on unnatural and the influence of party faithfulness rather than individual ingenuity. Party loyalists transform into mechanical slaves and prisoners of conscience, whose mouths are gagged, hands tied and brains controlled. The Nigeria National Assembly (NASS) has been exercising its legislative mandates, from the Colonial era, when it acted as an advisory body till in 1999, when the constitution, in chapter one, section four conferred full legislative mandate on it. Curious enough, the legislators have never presented bills proposing Steady Power Supply to NASS. It has been serially avoided as a sacrosanct area. What we have had are carefully constructive electricity bills, guided towards the sector's commercialization and privatization, which eventually end in their own management via their cronies. Europe, America, Asia, Middle East and even some African nations run steady electricity power supply directly managed by their federal governments. Given the understanding that stable electricity supply drives national development faster than many other infrastructures, this attitude has been largely the bane of Nigeria’s underdevelopment. This paper utilizes the theory of Selfishness or Psychological Egoism to deconstruct the legislators' ulterior motives behind the avoidance of proposing direct steady electricity power supply bills and preference for commercialization and privatization. It reveals that the legislators’ actions are to enable them overtake the electricity contracts themselves and make profits at the expense of the masses. It recommends the contracting of only qualified, tested and proven professionals and only 95% of green energies should be deployed.

Keywords: Sacrosantity, steady- electricity - supply, bill, NASS, underdevelopment

Corresponding Author

Chimaroke Chizoba NWAOHA: Telephone Number: +234-7035567526

Email Address: nwohachima@yahoo.com,

Received: 28:8:2024; Revised: 3:10:2024; Accepted: 13:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Unemployment remains one of the most pressing socio- economic challenges in Nigeria particularly among the youths. Entrepreneurship is considered as an alternative way to tackle the challenges facing Nigeria presently, especially problem of poverty, hunger and high level of unemployment. This paper explores the integration of entrepreneurial skills into social studies education as a solution to the rising unemployment rates. This paper argues that teaching entrepreneurial skills within the framework of social studies can equip students with the necessary competencies to create employment opportunities for themselves and others. The paper discusses the methods of teaching entrepreneurial skills in social studies. The study was anchored on the theoretical framework of human capital theory and constructivist learning theory. The data for the study was sourced from secondary method in which secondary sources were majorly utilized. The analysis was contextually carried out. Findings revealed that there are inadequate trained teachers to teacher entrepreneurial skills in social studies education. The study recommends among other things that qualified entrepreneurship education teachers should be used during curriculum implementation to achieve its objectives. Entrepreneurship educators should utilize appropriate learner centered teaching skills, methods, internship and industrial attachment programs during curriculum implementation to improve entrepreneurship education achievement in social studies education.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, skills, unemployment, social studies, education

Corresponding Author

Getrude Chinyere ALEXIUS-UGWULEBO: Telephone: 07031334729; 08034879280

Email Adresses: trulex1010@gmail.com; awuchima4@gmail.com

Received: 20:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 14:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study employed the bounds testing (ARDL) cointegration method to explore the relationship between youth unemployment and Nigeria's economic growth during the fourth republic, spanning from 1999 to 2021. The model also accounted for the effects of inflation, interest rates, and capital expenditure on this relationship. The bounds tests demonstrate the long-run binding of the variables of interest. Negative youth unemployment is significant in both the short and long run, implying that as youth unemployment falls, so does economic growth. These significant discoveries are consistent with Okun's Law (1969). When the variables deviate from their equilibrium values, they return to equilibrium at a 98 percent probability within a year. As a result, the research suggests that Nigerian governments concentrate on highly targeted methods of job creation in order to help Nigerian youth find work.

Keywords: Economic Growth; Time-Series; Neoclassical Nigeria; Youth Unemployment;

Corresponding Author

O. A. IHUGBA: Telephone Number: +2348036221987

Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 10:12:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The troika de-linked from one of the sub-regional groupings responsible for growths and development. They cited sanctions on the part of the members of ECOWAS as the cause of the problem. They believed the three countries are well able to see to challenges of the people than when they were together. It is against this backdrop that this study made use of secondary source of data such as books, internet material and other documentary material. In the course of the study it was discovered all regional grouping has the same purpose which is development oriented driven. The troika are anti-development and anti-people in nature. The study is of the view that the involvement of others is a prerequisite for development.

Keywords: The troika, regional integration, development, developing, disintegrating

Corresponding Author

Douglas Chidi NDIDIGWE: Telephone Number: +2348037095486

Email Address: douglas.ndidigwe@fulokoja.edu.ng

Received: 26:7:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 10:12:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The integration of e-procurement systems has transformed procurement processes in both the public and private sectors, shifting from manual, paper-based methods to digital platforms. This research provides an in-depth exploration of the successes of e-procurement in the private sector and the lessons that can be applied to the public sector, with a focus on Imo State, Nigeria. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data to comprehensively assess the challenges, benefits, and stakeholder perspectives on e-procurement implementation. Key findings indicate that the private sector has achieved notable successes through e-procurement, including enhanced efficiency, cost savings, and data-driven decision making. However, the public sector faces challenges such as inadequate IT infrastructure, insufficient training, and resistance to change. The study highlights the need for phased implementation, strong leadership support, and continuous training to overcome these barriers. Additionally, the potential benefits of e-procurement in the public sector—such as improved transparency, efficiency, and cost savings—are emphasized, provided that infrastructural and organizational challenges are addressed.

Keywords: E-procurement, public procurement, private sector, IT infrastructure, efficiency, transparency, cost savings

Corresponding Author

Paschal U.I. Egwim: Email Address: p.egwim@gmail.com

Received: 28:7:2024; Revised: 7:10:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

Abstract

Terrorism is one of the Major factors of political radicalism in African politics, and has assumed different dimensions that call for diplomatic solutions for its resolution. Its occurrence is wide spread across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria that has been tagged a “West African terrorist enclave" (Gen Idada, 2013). Generally, most scholars believed the insurgency of Terrorism in Nigeria to be political with Gunboat Diplomacy Approach (Cable, 1971) where military or perhaps militia strength is used for intimidation in order to achieve certain non-political objectives, but this paper develops Insurgency Diplomatic Approach (IDA) to explain that terrorism is an insurgent phenomenon designed for diplomatic and political Objectives, as such a factor as the fourth stage (PR4) of political radicalism. This research article creates disparity twixt the implication involved in the politically motivated violence and that of the terrorists violence engineered for political objective in Nigeria, and defined Terrorism as a factor of Political Radicalism from African context

Keywords: Terrorism, Islamic terrorism, religious violence, diplomacy, Niger Delta militancy

Corresponding Author

Christopher Obiukwu: Tel. +234833506563; Email Address: chrisobiukwu@yahoo.com

Received: 28:4:2024; Accepted: 4:5:2024; Published: 30:05:2024

ABSTRACT

This study offers a comprehensive exploration of the economic forces that drive the Nigerian stock market, covering the period from 1985 to 2022. Utilizing data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin 2022, the research examines how macroeconomic factors shape stock market performance. The study was carried out by using the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model in conjunction with the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test. According to the results of the bound test, macroeconomic factors have a substantial effect in the manner in which the Nigerian stock market is driven throughout the course of time. The most important data suggest that fluctuations in gross domestic product (GDP) and trade balance have a considerable and favorable influence on the capitalization of the stock market, both in the short run and in the long run. In addition, real interest rates and inflation rates both have a positive and considerable effect on the capitalization of the stock market in the near run. On the other hand, the exchange rate, despite its statistical significance, has a detrimental effect on the capitalization of the stock market in the near term. The research comes to the conclusion that the Nigerian stock market is driven by macroeconomic issues, which are quite important. Among the recommendations, it is suggested that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should consider a carefully calibrated increase in real interest rates to sustain the positive effects on stock market capitalization. This approach should balance inflation control with the goal of maintaining an attractive investment environment, thereby ensuring the financial stability of Nigeria’s economy.

Keywords: Exchange rate, real interest rate, inflation rate, trade balance, stock market capitalisation

Corresponding Author

Christian Gbarawae NWIKINA Email: cgnwikina@gmail.com, powerfulrugged@yahoo.com

Received: 13:8:2024; Revised: 3:10:2024; Accepted: 15:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Urban flooding poses significant risks to both the environment and public health, particularly in regions with inadequate infrastructure and poor sanitary conditions. In 2023, the floods in Oguta, Imo State, Nigeria, led to a marked increase in the prevalence of vector- and waterborne diseases, including cholera, typhoid fever, and malaria. This study employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyse the environmental and health impacts of the 2023 floods, assess progress by 2025, and propose strategies for mitigating future risks. Data was gathered from environmental assessments and health records, comparing disease prevalence across 2023 and 2025. Key environmental factors contributing to flood risk included rainfall intensity, proximity to rivers, drainage density, and land use. GIS analysis revealed that regions near rivers and with poor drainage systems were the most flood-prone, while built-up areas and water bodies showed the highest susceptibility to flooding. Improvements in sanitation and water quality by 2025 resulted in a reduction in waterborne diseases, although malaria cases persisted, underscoring the need for enhanced vector control measures. Sustainable procurement practices, such as the use of permeable pavements and green roofs, demonstrated effectiveness in reducing surface runoff and enhancing infrastructure resilience. The study highlights the importance of integrating sustainable procurement into flood risk management and recommends comprehensive measures including improved sanitation, vector control programs, infrastructure upgrades, and efficient land use planning. These actions, supported by GIS-based mapping and risk assessment, will contribute to a more resilient urban environment in Oguta.

Keywords: GIS, Flood Risk Management, Sustainable Procurement, Urban Flooding, Public Health, Vector-Borne Diseases.

Corresponding Author

M. I. NMECHA: Tel: +2348037195256

Email Address: michael.nmecha@futo.edu.ng

Received: 28:9:2024; Revised: 15:10:2024; Accepted: 20:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This article anchored around a critical assessment of the major divisions of political science in theory and practice as well as the best way forward for political science. The main objective is to correct some misconceptions by members of the academia and non-scholars in political science as well as putting forward recommendations that will make the theory and practice of political science to be more results- oriented for scholars, government officials and the populace. The qualitative method employing historical and content analysis of books, journals and other relevant documents etc, was used in the data gathering and analysis process. Findings from critical assessment of relevant data demonstrated that, political science as an important branch of learning has three (3) key and unique divisions, namely; politics/government, public Administration and international relations. Additional findings proved that, the contributions of political science to knowledge have been more theoretical than empirical. Therefore, it is recommended that, political science can only impact positively on governments and the society in general if politicians, leaders, bureaucrats, students, teachers and other members of the academia are exposed to practical and field experiences in private and public organizations during the teaching and learning process as well as before occupying public offices.

Key Words: Political Science, Government, Politics, Public Administration, International Relations.

Corresponding Author

Eugene Obiefule IFEANYICHUKWU: Tel: +2348065184357, +2349070214729

Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com

Received: 28:9:2024; Revised: 5:10:2024; Accepted: 10:22:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Religion as a phenomenon has been inseparable from the issues of social justice, human rights and sustainable development all through the ages. This owes to the fact that man is by nature a homo-religiosus (religious man). In both ancient and modern societies, no clear distinctions were drawn between the sacred and the profane, the supernatural and the natural; all are seen from the same periscope of reality. Thus, human activities were analyzed from the prism of religious considerations. To this end, this paper explored through the literary and historical methods, the intertwined and interrelated religious roots of the concepts of social justice, human rights and sustainable developments in fostering social acceleration and development. Comparatively, this research exegetically appraised the social ideals and hermeneutical provisions of major religions in Nigeria such as Christianity, Islam and African (Igbo) traditional religion. Furthermore, this paper underscores that religious perspectives provided the philosophical foundations for human societies and must not be jettisoned on the altar of alluring secularism, which is currently resurging in the present Nigeria society. Hence, the enthronement of social justice, human rights and acceleration of sustainable development could only be possible if the society re-imbibe positive religious ideals that drive social progress and harmony which are contained in the scriptures and traditions of various world religions.

Keywords: Social justice, human rights, sustainable development, homo-religious, secularism

Corresponding Author

Festus Chukwunyere OPARA: Telephone Number 0803819082

Email Address: oprahfestus@gmail.com

Received: 20:8:2024; Revised: 29:9:2024; Accepted: 14:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Researches are replete with reports of alterations in the average weather conditions in Lagos state. These alterations have been prevalent for an extended period of time. This study examined the corollaries of climate change in the study area. The twenty local government areas in Lagos state were taken into cognizance in this study. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The rainfall intensity and population density data were sourced from secondary data sources while the shape files of the water bodies and the base map for the LGA’s administrative boundaries were sourced from the National Centre for Remote Sensing, Jos and Ministry of Lands and Survey respectively. These served as a basis to generate other points, lines, polygons and pixel-based data used in the study in Arc GIS 10.8.2. The results showed the spatial distributions of the flood frequency per annum for the local government areas of the study. Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Agege, Ifako-Ijaiye, Oshodi-Isolo and Ikeja had 3 - 8, Alimosho, Amuwo-Odofin, Epe, Ibeju/Lekki, Ikorodu, Badagry, Mushin, Ojo, Somolu, Surulere and Eti-Osa had 9 – 17 while Kosofe, Ajeromi-Ifelodun and Apapa had 18 – 23 in the study area. This study therefore recommends a sustainable city planning mechanism for the mitigation of climate change in the area.

Keywords: Climate change, flooding, flood frequency, mechanism, study area.

Corresponding Author

T. A. Agiriga: Email Address: mezirimacho@gmail.com

Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This paper examined traditional physical classroom setting as the fulcrum on which the wheel of studies rotate. It sees Social Studies as a course of study that requires auditory and audio-visual materials to achieve the goal of online education in a post covid-19 era The paper discusses the emergency of Covid-19 as an impediment to the normal classroom setting and a shift from the old system of learning to a new order which education practitioners must adopt if education must maintain its pride in a post covid-19 era. It also sees online teaching and learning as the only way out during and after Covid-19. The paper highlights the constraints of online studies in Nigeria which if not properly addressed may hamper the efforts of the education industry towards achieving the goals of online studies in Nigeria. Conclusions were made and the researchers made some useful recommendations that will promote online studiesin a post covid- 19 era.

Keywords: Traditional, Physical classroom, Covid-19, Virtual learning.

Corresponding Author

Bethel C. UZOAGBA: Email Address: uzoagbabc23@gmail.com

Received: 28:8:2024; Revised: 5:10:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Political science as a key social science discipline consists of several basic and controversial concepts that require deeper understanding and better interpretation. This work therefore centred around a critical and constructive examination of the fundamental and key concepts in political science. The qualitative method using historical and content analysis of books, articles, documents and other relevant materials was employed in the data gathering and analysis process. The results from critical assessment of relevant data showed that, political science and its basic concepts have over the years been wrongly defined, interpreted and applied by both scholars and statesmen and all these have been negatively affecting societal development as well as worsening the socio-economic and political problems within states. It was henceforth recommended that, scholars and statesmen should contribute more positively toward societal development by having a united and collaborative stand in the definition and interpretation of these fundamental concepts in political science as well as in their proper application during the policy formation, formulation, implementation and monitoring processes.

Keywords: Political science, politics, government, public administration, international relations.

Corresponding Author

Eugene Obiefule IFEANYICHUKWU: Telephone Number: +2348065184357

Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com

Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 22:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This paper examined traditional physical classroom setting as the fulcrum on which the wheel of studies rotate. It sees Social Studies as a course of study that requires auditory and audio-visual materials to achieve the goal of online education in a post covid-19 era The paper discusses the emergency of Covid-19 as an impediment to the normal classroom setting and a shift from the old system of learning to a new order which education practitioners must adopt if education must maintain its pride in a post covid-19 era. It also sees online teaching and learning as the only way out during and after Covid-19. The paper highlights the constraints of online studies in Nigeria which if not properly addressed may hamper the efforts of the education industry towards achieving the goals of online studies in Nigeria. Conclusions were made and the researchers made some useful recommendations that will promote online studiesin a post covid- 19 era.

Keywords: Traditional, Physical classroom, Covid-19, Virtual learning.

Corresponding Author

Bethel C. UZOAGBA: Email Address: uzoagbabc23@gmail.com

Received: 28:8:2024; Revised: 5:10:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

Political science as a key social science discipline consists of several basic and controversial concepts that require deeper understanding and better interpretation. This work therefore centred around a critical and constructive examination of the fundamental and key concepts in political science. The qualitative method using historical and content analysis of books, articles, documents and other relevant materials was employed in the data gathering and analysis process. The results from critical assessment of relevant data showed that, political science and its basic concepts have over the years been wrongly defined, interpreted and applied by both scholars and statesmen and all these have been negatively affecting societal development as well as worsening the socio-economic and political problems within states. It was henceforth recommended that, scholars and statesmen should contribute more positively toward societal development by having a united and collaborative stand in the definition and interpretation of these fundamental concepts in political science as well as in their proper application during the policy formation, formulation, implementation and monitoring processes.

Keywords: Political science, politics, government, public administration, international relations.

Corresponding Author

Eugene Obiefule IFEANYICHUKWU: Telephone Number: +2348065184357

Email Address: ifeanyichukwueugene5@gmail.com

Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 22:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of education and library services. This paper explores the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for libraries in the AI era, with a focus on education development. The paper argues that AI-powered library services have the potential to enhance information discovery, personalize learning, and improve student outcomes. However, it also raises important questions about ethical considerations, equity, privacy, and the role of human librarians in AI-driven environments. The paper also addresses concerns around bias, privacy, and the digital divide, emphasizing the need for inclusive and ethical AI design. It outlines the future directions for libraries in education development, including the integration of emerging technologies like natural language processing and computer vision. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration, professional development, and continuous innovation to ensure that libraries remain relevant and effective in the AI era. Ultimately, this paper aims to spark a critical and forward-thinking conversation about the role of libraries in education development, and the ways in which AI can be harnessed to enhance learning, teaching, and research. By exploring the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for libraries in the AI era, this paper seeks to inspire librarians, educators, and policymakers to work together towards a more inclusive, effective, and sustainable education ecosystem.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, libraries, information discovery, personalized learning, ethical considerations, future directions.

Corresponding Author

Uchenna E. UBOCHI: Telephone 08064188371: Email Address: elvisamss@yahoo.com

Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigates human capacity utilization and its influence on the performance of microfinance banks in Imo State. Two research questions were raised in line with the two specific objectives to be achieved, while two hypotheses were tested. The population of the study was drawn from thirty six (36) microfinance banks with twelve (12) each purposely selected from microfinance banks that have no less than five (5) years operational existence /experience from the three senatorial zones of Imo State. The staff grouping was composed of managers, administrative workers, and technicians. The sample size was 108 respondents on an average of three (3) persons from a microfinance bank gotten from the field using the simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection in the study was a structured questionnaire titled: Human Capacity Utilization and its Influence on the Performance of Microfinance Banks Questionnaire (HCUPMBQ). The hypothesis was tested at 0.5 level of significance. Linear Regression Analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The Simple Random Sampling technique was used to administer the questionnaire on a 5- option Likert Scale to collect data, while Multiple Regression was used to test the hypotheses. The authors‟ findings showed that, from hypothesis one and two, alternate hypothesis was accepted which stated that there was significant effect of knowledge accessibility on organizational efficiency, and that, there was significant influence of workforce optimization on organizational profitability. The study recommended among others that the need to remain afloat and relevant for the purpose of doing business requires strong capacity development support and knowledge of innovative ideas just like the new generational banks.

Keywords: Human capacity, knowledge accessibility, organizational performance, utilization, workforce optimization.

Corresponding Author

Christian O. NJOKU: Telephone: 08065355109: Email Address: njokuchris34@yahoo.com

Received: 29:7:2024; Revised: 30:9:2024; Accepted: 10:10:2024; Published: 30:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The study explored the influence of fiscal policy on Unemployment in Nigeria from 1990 to 2022, drawing data primarily from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI). Unemployment was examined in conjunction with critical fiscal policy indicators, i.e. public capital expenditure, public recurrent expenditure, tax revenue, and non-tax revenue. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Unit Root test was implemented to guarantee the data's reliability, which demonstrated a variable integration order that was inconsistent. As a result, the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach was implemented to investigate the long-term relationships. The ARDL bounds test upshots verified a long-term correlation between unemployment and fiscal policy. The model demonstrated that public capital expenditure and non-tax revenue substantially reduced unemployment, while public recurrent expenditure had a positive and significant impact on unemployment. Alternatively, tax revenue had a negative and insignificant impact on unemployment. The research determined that Nigeria's unemployment is significantly influenced by fiscal policy. It is highly recommended that the Federal Ministry of Finance and National Planning prioritise capital allocations in the national budget, with a particular emphasis on high-productivity sectors like agriculture, technology, and infrastructure. This strategic focus has the potential to mitigate inflationary pressures and promote sustainable economic growth in the long term.

Keywords: Public capital expenditure, public recurrent expenditure, tax revenue, non-tax revenue, unemployment.

JEL Classification Code: E52, H54

Corresponding Author

Christian Gbarawae NWIKINA: Telephone Number: 08038669287.

Email Addresses: cgnwikina@gmail.com, powerfulrugged@yahoo.com

Received: 22:9:2024; Revised: 12:10:2024; Accepted: 24:10:2024; Published: 31:10:2024

ABSTRACT

The quasi-experimental was adopted in carrying out the investigation. Population of the study is 11,096 SSS II students. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 54 students for the study. Instrument for data collection was a rating scale. The reliability of the instrument was established with a reliability index of 0.75 obtained. The findings revealed that: Students exposed to multi-modal counselling therapy recorded higher mean score than the student in the control group. This shows a reduction in social isolation behaviour of students exposed to the treatment than those in the control group. Hence, the group exposed to multi-model counselling benefited more from the therapy than those in the control group. This shows a reduction in social isolation. The male students exposed to multi-modal counselling therapy showed a high mean score than the female students. Though the effect of the treatments were higher on the male respondents than the female respondents which however indicated that multi-modal counselling is effective in the treatment of social isolation; etc. Therefore it was recommended that: Since the use of multi-modal counselling has been shown to have positive impact on socially isolated students, it should be encouraged by school authorities; Schools across the country should use multi-modal counselling therapy on student who exhibit social isolation behaviour.

Keywords: Guidance, counselling therapy, social isolation, behaviour.

Corresponding Author

Eunice Chioma UGWUADU: Telephone Number: +2348036631656.

Email: euniceugwuadu@yahoo.com

The Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) upholds the highest standards of publication ethics. All submissions are subject to double-blind peer review, with strict policies on authorship, originality, plagiarism, data integrity, and conflict of interest disclosures. Research involving human or animal subjects requires ethical clearance and informed consent. The journal adheres to COPE guidelines, ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in editorial decisions and peer reviews. AJSS supports open access publishing under Creative Commons licensing. Corrections, retractions, or ethical concerns are addressed promptly to maintain scholarly integrity and foster a trustworthy academic environment.

The Alvan Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS) employs a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure objectivity and academic excellence. Each manuscript is reviewed by at least two independent experts selected based on subject relevance and ethical neutrality. Evaluation criteria include originality, relevance, methodological rigor, and clarity. Confidentiality is strictly maintained, and all reviewers must declare conflicts of interest. Authors may appeal decisions through formal channels. AJSS adheres to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, ensuring fairness, accountability, and transparency throughout the review process to uphold the integrity of scholarly publishing.